Docker二：重点命令

2021-01-03 12:31:32 阅读：154 来源： 互联网

标签：容器 centos root VM 命令 Docker null 重点 docker

2. Docker重点命令

2.1 常用命令

docker version     # 显示docker版本详细信息
docker -v		   # 显示docker版本简约信息(只有一行)
docker info        # 显示docker系统信息，包括镜像和容器的数量
docker 命令 --help # 帮助命令

2.1 镜像命令

查看本地主机上的所有镜像

docker images 
# 可选项
		 -a --all   # 显示镜像
		 -q --quiet # 只显示镜像ID
[root@VM-0-5-centos ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY               TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
mysql                    5.7       f07dfa83b528   7 days ago      448MB
mysql                    latest    a347a5928046   7 days ago      545MB
centos                   latest    300e315adb2f   3 weeks ago     209MB
hello-world              latest    bf756fb1ae65   12 months ago   13.3kB
# 说明
REPOSITORY  镜像的仓库
TAG         镜像的标签
IMAGE ID    镜像的ID
CREATED     创建实际
SIZE		大小

镜像搜索

docker search mysql
# 可选项
		--filter=条件列名=条件
# 查看stars大于3000的mysql相关镜像
[root@VM-0-5-centos ~]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000
NAME      DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql     MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   10326     [OK]       
mariadb   MariaDB is a community-developed fork of MyS…   3825      [OK]       
[root@VM-0-5-centos ~]#

2.2 容器命令

拉取镜像
docker pull 镜像名
启动容器

docker run [可选参数] 容器名
# 可选参数
-d  后台方式运行
-it 使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容
-p  指定容器端口 -p

kill容器进程

# 杀掉所有容器进程
[root@VM-0-5-centos ~]# docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)
725f50c6b201
d90df3b7eacc
0d27b0b6047b
51b317e4cd89
3cc802481bed
[root@VM-0-5-centos ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@VM-0-5-centos ~]#

2.3 进程命令

进程

# 查看进程
docker ps
# 查看所有历史进程
docker ps -a
# 注：如果后台没有进程在运行，则会停止
# 查看容器中进程信息
docker top 容器ID
# UID 用户ID，PID进程ID
[root@VM-0-5-centos ~]# docker top 725f50c6b201
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                1106                1086                0                   21:39               ?                   00:00:00            /bin/sh -c while true;do echo moxc; sleep 3; done
root                3546                1106                0                   21:50               ?                   00:00:00            /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 3
# 杀掉所有容器进程
[root@VM-0-5-centos ~]# docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)
51b317e4cd89
3cc802481bed
[root@VM-0-5-centos ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES

后台启动

## docker run -d 镜像名
# 启动centos，测试shell脚本，每隔3s钟打印一次
[root@VM-0-5-centos ~]# docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo moxc; sleep 3; done"
725f50c6b2015b0329d3f424448d67b3bdd63a714fe3a36d42c135f57d915e75
[root@VM-0-5-centos ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
725f50c6b201   centos    "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   6 seconds ago   Up 5 seconds             practical_wilson

查看日志

# docker logs -f -t --tail 显示条数 进程ID
[root@VM-0-5-centos ~]# docker logs -f -t --tail 10 725f50c6b201
2020-12-29T13:41:15.141331387Z moxc
...

查看镜像元数据

docker inspect 容器ID
[root@VM-0-5-centos ~]# docker inspect 725f50c6b201
[
    {
        "Id": "725f50c6b2015b0329d3f424448d67b3bdd63a714fe3a36d42c135f57d915e75",
        "Created": "2020-12-29T13:39:20.720268445Z",
        "Path": "/bin/sh",
        "Args": [
            "-c",
            "while true;do echo moxc; sleep 3; done"
        ],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 1106,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2020-12-29T13:39:21.071505545Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:300e315adb2f96afe5f0b2780b87f28ae95231fe3bdd1e16b9ba606307728f55",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/725f50c6b2015b0329d3f424448d67b3bdd63a714fe3a36d42c135f57d915e75/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/725f50c6b2015b0329d3f424448d67b3bdd63a714fe3a36d42c135f57d915e75/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/725f50c6b2015b0329d3f424448d67b3bdd63a714fe3a36d42c135f57d915e75/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/725f50c6b2015b0329d3f424448d67b3bdd63a714fe3a36d42c135f57d915e75/725f50c6b2015b0329d3f424448d67b3bdd63a714fe3a36d42c135f57d915e75-json.log",
        "Name": "/practical_wilson",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "host",
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d403e0654c7703911b696f07363abfc53d6b4336bd661946860937632c922dc7-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/5f460fe5674acc63a62571653dfe94adcdacbbffbeeb5e5f25f9a96d75876aed/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d403e0654c7703911b696f07363abfc53d6b4336bd661946860937632c922dc7/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d403e0654c7703911b696f07363abfc53d6b4336bd661946860937632c922dc7/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d403e0654c7703911b696f07363abfc53d6b4336bd661946860937632c922dc7/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "725f50c6b201",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/sh",
                "-c",
                "while true;do echo moxc; sleep 3; done"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20201204",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "86a54f832c5bb3ceddbc0da2e807f2b8dbd1fb18ce319277933ae5c71d85ca97",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/86a54f832c5b",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "9e6404c46b20ecb8f3471ab72c75231f8396bcf1d8578acf41ff78b8242424af",
            "Gateway": "172.18.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.18.0.4",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:12:00:04",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "2f3cc32d51cdf11b3118ff877978cc2aa521a0750670a921ef87daf097d5e827",
                    "EndpointID": "9e6404c46b20ecb8f3471ab72c75231f8396bcf1d8578acf41ff78b8242424af",
                    "Gateway": "172.18.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.18.0.4",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:12:00:04",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]
[root@VM-0-5-centos ~]#

进入当前正在进行的容器

容器通常都是在后台运行，需要进入容器修改配置

docker exec
进程容器后开启一个新的终端，可以正常在里面操作
docker attach
进入正在进行的终端，不会启动新的终端

# 方式一
docker exec -it 容器ID bashshell
[root@VM-0-5-centos ~]# docker exec -it 725f50c6b201 /bin/bash
[root@725f50c6b201 /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
# 方式二
docker attach 容器ID
[root@VM-0-5-centos ~]# docker attach 725f50c6b201

从容器内拷贝文件到主机上

拷贝是一个手动，可以通过 - v 卷技术实现自动同步

docker cp 容器ID:容器文件路径 主机路径
# 新开一个容器centos，进入容器在home目录下创建moxc文件夹，退出容器获取启动的容器ID（也可以另外开终端获取）
# 使用命令，在主机中查看文件已拷贝出来
# 新开一个centos容器
[root@VM-0-5-centos ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
# 同时按住ctrl+p+q退出容器 
[root@f4d6e37e4929 /]# [root@VM-0-5-centos ~]# 
# 查看容器centos进程已启动
[root@VM-0-5-centos ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
f4d6e37e4929   centos    "/bin/bash"   31 seconds ago   Up 30 seconds             thirsty_diffie
# 获取到容器ID后，重新进入正在容器的容器centos
[root@VM-0-5-centos ~]# docker attach f4d6e37e4929
[root@f4d6e37e4929 /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
# 在容器的home目录下创建文件夹moxc
[root@f4d6e37e4929 /]# cd /home/
[root@f4d6e37e4929 home]# ls
[root@f4d6e37e4929 home]# cd     
[root@f4d6e37e4929 ~]# mkdir /home/moxc
[root@f4d6e37e4929 ~]# cd /home/
[root@f4d6e37e4929 home]# ls
moxc
# 退出容器
[root@f4d6e37e4929 home]# exit
exit
# 容器已关闭，使用docker ps -a 查看历史容器进程ID
[root@VM-0-5-centos ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS                      PORTS     NAMES
f4d6e37e4929   centos    "/bin/bash"   4 minutes ago   Exited (0) 59 seconds ago             thirsty_diffie
# 通过命令复制文件夹，进入主机目录查看到文件夹存在
[root@VM-0-5-centos ~]# docker cp f4d6e37e4929:/home/moxc /home/mydata
[root@VM-0-5-centos ~]# cd /home/mydata/
[root@VM-0-5-centos mydata]# ls
moxc

2.5 命令小结

标签：容器,centos,root,VM,命令,Docker,null,重点,docker
来源： https://blog.csdn.net/qq_28770757/article/details/111937631

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