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day85

2020-11-06 21:05:03  阅读：202  来源： 互联网

标签：GenericAPIView get self request day85 kwargs class


1 2个视图基类 2 5个视图扩展类 3 9个子类视图 4 视图集 5 action的使用 6 路由的使用 

## 1 2个视图基类

```python
# Django REST framwork 提供的视图的主要作用：
    控制序列化器的执行（检验、保存、转换数据）
    控制数据库查询的执行
# APIView:继承了原生Django的View
# GenericAPIView：继承了APIView
    -queryset = models.Book.objects.all()
    -serializer_class = serializer.BookModelSerializer
    -get_queryset：获取配置的queryset
    -get_object：路由中的分组字段必须是pk
    -get_serializer：获取配置的序列化类
    
    
    
    
 # 最终总结
#两个基类
APIView：如果跟models没有关系（没有数据库相关操作），就继承它
GenericAPIView：有关数据库操作，queryset 和serializer_class




## 2 5个视图扩展类

```python
#5个视图扩展类(rest_framework.mixins)
CreateModelMixin：create方法创建一条
DestroyModelMixin：destory方法删除一条
ListModelMixin：list方法获取所有
RetrieveModelMixin：retrieve获取一条
UpdateModelMixin：update修改一条
```



## 3 9个子类视图

```python
#9个子类视图(rest_framework.generics)
CreateAPIView:继承CreateModelMixin,GenericAPIView，有post方法，新增数据
DestroyAPIView：继承DestroyModelMixin,GenericAPIView，有delete方法，删除数据
ListAPIView：继承ListModelMixin,GenericAPIView,有get方法获取所有
UpdateAPIView：继承UpdateModelMixin,GenericAPIView，有put和patch方法，修改数据
RetrieveAPIView：继承RetrieveModelMixin,GenericAPIView，有get方法，获取一条


ListCreateAPIView：继承ListModelMixin,CreateModelMixin,GenericAPIView，有get获取所有，post方法新增
RetrieveDestroyAPIView：继承RetrieveModelMixin,DestroyModelMixin,GenericAPIView，有get方法获取一条，delete方法删除
RetrieveUpdateAPIView：继承RetrieveModelMixin,UpdateModelMixin,GenericAPIView，有get获取一条，put，patch修改
RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView：继承RetrieveModelMixin,UpdateModelMixin,DestroyModelMixin,GenericAPIView，有get获取一条，put，patch修改，delete删除
```



## 4 视图集

```python
#视图集

# ViewSetMixin：重写了as_view 

# ViewSet：     继承ViewSetMixin和APIView
# GenericViewSet：继承ViewSetMixin, generics.GenericAPIView

# ModelViewSet：继承mixins.CreateModelMixin,mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,mixins.UpdateModelMixin,mixins.DestroyModelMixin,mixins.ListModelMixin,GenericViewSet
# ReadOnlyModelViewSet：继承mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,mixins.ListModelMixin,GenericViewSet
```



## 5 action的使用

```python
# 只要继承了ViewSetMixin类
# 路由配置：path('books_mix/', views.BookView.as_view({'get':'lqz'}))
# 视图类的方法中就会有个action
class BookView(ViewSet):
    def lqz(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        print(self.action)
        return Response('lqz')
    
    
# ViewSetMixin以后只要继承它，路由的配置就发生变化了，只需要写映射即可
```





## 6 路由的使用

```python
# 自动生成路由
# SimpleRouter
# DefaultRouter

# （前提）继承了ViewSetMixin的视图类，以后写路由，可以自动生成
# 在urls.py中：
from rest_framework import routers
# 实例化得到一个对象
router = routers.SimpleRouter()
# 注册进路由（  router.register(路由关系, 视图类)     ）
router.register('books', views.BookSetView)
# 把自动生成的路由配置到urlpatterns中
    -urlpatterns += router.urls
    -re_path(r'v1/', include(router.urls))
    
    
    
    
# 配置路由的方式
    -最原始的
        -path('books/', views.BookAPIView.as_view()),
    -ViewSetMixin的视图类
        -path('books_set/', views.BookSetView.as_view({'get':'list','post':'create'}))
    -ViewSetMixin的视图类
        -自动生成，
        
        
        
        
 # action
    -当自动生成路由的时候，由于视图类中还有其它方法，是无法自动生成路由的
    -加action装饰器：
        -methods：什么请求方式会触发被装饰函数的执行
        -detail：是True是基于带pk的路由生成的，如果是False，是基于不带pk的路由生成的
        -@action(methods=['get'], detail=True)

```

 

urls.py

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, re_path
from app01 import views
from rest_framework import routers

router = routers.SimpleRouter()     # 实例化得到对象
# router = routers.DefaultRouter()
router.register('books', views.BookSetView, basename='book')     # 注册
print(router.urls)
urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    # path('books/', views.BookAPIView.as_view()),
    # path('books/', views.BookGenericView.as_view()),
    # re_path('^books/(?P<pk>\d+)', views.BookDetailGenericAPIView.as_view()),
]
urlpatterns += router.urls

views.py

from django.shortcuts import render

# Create your views here.
from app01 import serializer
from app01 import models
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView

# 两个视图基类（APIView、GenericAPIView）
# ①APIView
'''
class BookAPIView(APIView):
    def get(self, request):
        book_list = models.Book.objects.all()
        ser = serializer.BookModelSerializer(instance=book_list, many=True)
        return Response(ser.data)

    def post(self, request):
        ser = serializer.BookModelSerializer(data=request.data)
        if not ser.is_valid():
            return Response('数据有误')
        ser.save()
        return Response('成功')
'''

# ②GenericAPIView
'''
class BookGenericView(GenericAPIView):
    queryset = models.Book.objects  # 内部会自动调用 .all()
    serializer_class = serializer.BookModelSerializer

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        obj = self.get_queryset()
        ser = self.get_serializer(instance=obj, many=True)
        return Response(ser.data)

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        ser = self.get_serializer(data=request.data)
        if ser.is_valid():
            ser.save()
        return Response('success')


class BookDetailGenericView(GenericAPIView):
    queryset = models.Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = serializer.BookModelSerializer

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        obj = self.get_object()
        ser = self.get_serializer(obj)
        return Response(ser.data)

    def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        obj = self.get_object()
        ser = self.get_serializer(obj, data=request.data)
        if ser.is_valid():
            ser.save()
        return Response('update_success')

    def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        self.queryset.filter(id=kwargs.get('pk')).delete()
        return Response('delete_success')
'''

# 五个视图扩展类（ListModelMixin, CreateModelMixin, DestroyModelMixin, RetrieveModelMixin, UpdateModelMixin）
'''
from rest_framework.mixins import ListModelMixin, CreateModelMixin, DestroyModelMixin, RetrieveModelMixin, \
    UpdateModelMixin
# ListModelMixin：       list方法获取所有
# CreateModelMixin：     create方法创建一条
# RetrieveModelMixin：   retrieve获取一条
# UpdateModelMixin：     update修改一条
# DestroyModelMixin：    destory方法删除一条


class BookGenericView(GenericAPIView, ListModelMixin, CreateModelMixin):
    queryset = models.Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = serializer.BookModelSerializer

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)


class BookDetailGenericAPIView(GenericAPIView, RetrieveModelMixin, UpdateModelMixin, DestroyModelMixin):
    queryset = models.Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = serializer.BookModelSerializer

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.update(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.destroy(request, *args, **kwargs)
'''

# 九个视图子类（九种组合）
'''
# CreateAPIView:         继承CreateModelMixin,GenericAPIView，有post方法，新增数据
# DestroyAPIView：       继承DestroyModelMixin,GenericAPIView，有delete方法，删除数据
# ListAPIView：          继承ListModelMixin,GenericAPIView,有get方法获取所有
# UpdateAPIView：        继承UpdateModelMixin,GenericAPIView，有put和patch方法，修改数据
# RetrieveAPIView：      继承RetrieveModelMixin,GenericAPIView，有get方法，获取一条

# ListCreateAPIView：        继承ListModelMixin,CreateModelMixin,GenericAPIView，有get获取所有，post方法新增
# RetrieveDestroyAPIView：   继承RetrieveModelMixin,DestroyModelMixin,GenericAPIView，有get方法获取一条，delete方法删除
# RetrieveUpdateAPIView：    继承RetrieveModelMixin,UpdateModelMixin,GenericAPIView，有get获取一条，put，patch修改
# RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView：继承RetrieveModelMixin,UpdateModelMixin,DestroyModelMixin,GenericAPIView，有get获取一条，put，patch修改，delete删除

from rest_framework.mixins import ListModelMixin, CreateModelMixin, DestroyModelMixin, RetrieveModelMixin, \
    UpdateModelMixin
from rest_framework.generics import CreateAPIView, ListAPIView, ListCreateAPIView
from rest_framework.generics import UpdateAPIView, RetrieveAPIView, DestroyAPIView, RetrieveUpdateAPIView, \
    RetrieveDestroyAPIView, RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView


# class CreateListGenericAPIView(GenericAPIView, CreateModelMixin, ListModelMixin):
#     def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
#         return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)
# 
#     def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
#         return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)
# class BookGenericView(CreateListGenericAPIView):
#     queryset = models.Book.objects.all()
#     serializer_class = serializer.BookModelSerializer


# class BookGenericView(ListAPIView):     # 仅新增
# class BookGenericView(ListCreateAPIView):     # 新增和查询多条
# class BookDetailGenericAPIView(RetrieveAPIView):      # 查询一条
# class BookDetailGenericAPIView(RetrieveAPIView,UpdateAPIView):        # 查询一条和修改
class BookDetailGenericAPIView(RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):         # 查询一条，修改，删除
    queryset = models.Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = serializer.BookModelSerializer
'''

# 视图集
'''
# 继承ModelViewSet，有5个接口
from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet
from rest_framework.viewsets import ReadOnlyModelViewSet    # 只有查询（只读）
class BookSetView(ModelViewSet):
    queryset = models.Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = serializer.BookModelSerializer

# ViewSetMixin：视图类中的方法名，可以自定义，只需要路由映射正确
from rest_framework.viewsets import ViewSetMixin,ViewSet

# class BookView(ViewSetMixin,APIView):
class BookView(ViewSet):    # ViewSet继承了ViewSetMixin，ViewSetMixin中重写了as_view()方法
    def lqz(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        print(self.action)      # 继承ViewSet后才有self.action属性
        return Response('lqz')

    def egon(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return Response('egon')
    # 在urls.py中:
    # path('books_mix/', views.BookView.as_view({'get':'lqz'})),
    # path('books_mix2/', views.BookView.as_view({'get':'egon'})),
'''

# 自动生成路由
'''
from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet
from rest_framework.decorators import action
class BookSetView(ModelViewSet):
    queryset = models.Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = serializer.BookModelSerializer

    @action(methods=['get'], detail=True)       # detail=True时自动生成的路由：^books/(?P<pk>[^/.]+)/login/$ [name='book-login']
    def login(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        print(args)
        print(kwargs)
        return Response('login successfully')

    @action(methods=['post'], detail=False)     # detail=False时自动生成的路由：^books/register/$ [name='book-register']
    def register(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        print(args)
        print(kwargs)
        return Response('register successfully')
'''

 

标签：GenericAPIView,get,self,request,day85,kwargs,class
来源： https://www.cnblogs.com/bronya/p/13938889.html

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