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面对可能出现的网络延迟，不可预估的请求流量等情况，设计一个分布式系统，我们通常围绕系统高可用，数据一致性的目标去规划和实现，想要完全实现这个目标，却并非易事。由此，分布式系统领域诞生了一个基本定理，即 CAP 定理，用于指导分布式系统的设计，从系统高可用，数据一致性，网络容错三个角度将分布式系统的特性抽成一个分区容错一致性模型。这样一来，让系统设计者只需根据业务场景特点，进行权衡设计适合业务场景的分区容错一致性模型即可，很大程度简化了分布式系统设计的难度。
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