标签:name models py django framework api contrib import Django
django-rest-framework开发api接口
(1) 创建django项目drfdemo1并且创建一个名为app的应用
django-admin startproject drfdemo1
python manage.py startapp app
(2) 安装django-rest-framework
pip install djangorestframework
(3) 在settings.py的INSTALLED_APPS注册,并且在INSTALLED_APPS和MIDDLEWARE配置属性中将部分django自带功能去除
INSTALLED_APPS = [
# 'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
# 'django.contrib.messages',
# 'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'app',
'rest_framework',
]
MIDDLEWARE = [
'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
# 'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]
上述配置保留了Auth认证系统和Session功能,当django运行时只会加载Auth认证系统和Session功能,这样能减少django占用服务器的系统资源,除此之外还要注释掉配置属性TEMPLATES和STATIC_URL,因为API接口无需使用模板功能和静态资源
(4) 路由配置
在drfdemo1的urls.py中编写以下内容:
from django.urls import path, include
urlpatterns = [
path('api/',include('app.urls')),
]
在app里创建urls.py,并写入如下内容:
from django.urls import path
from .views import *
urlpatterns = [
path('students/',students.as_view())
]
(5) 模型
from django.db import models
class studentsInfo(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=12, verbose_name='姓名')
sex = models.CharField(max_length=1, verbose_name='性别')
age = models.IntegerField(verbose_name='年龄')
classroom = models.CharField(max_length=10, verbose_name='教室')
info = models.CharField(max_length=100, verbose_name='个人简介')
(6) 在app里创建serializer.py,内容如下:
from rest_framework import serializers
from .models import *
class studentSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = studentsInfo
fields = "__all__"
(7) 视图类编写
from .models import *
from django.http import JsonResponse
from .serializer import studentSerializer
from rest_framework.views import APIView
class students(APIView):
def get(self, request):
data = studentsInfo.objects.all()
serializer = studentSerializer(instance=data,many=True)
return JsonResponse(serializer.data,safe=False)
(8) 执行数据迁移
python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate
迁移之后插入测试数据
(9) 启动项目
python manage.py runserver 8000
(10) 查看返回的数据
访问127.0.0.1/api/students,结果如下:
[
{
"id": 1,
"name": "小明",
"sex": "男",
"age": 22,
"classroom": "301",
"info": "这个人很懒,什么也没有留下"
},
{
"id": 2,
"name": "小红",
"sex": "女",
"age": 18,
"classroom": "301",
"info": "这个人很懒,什么也没有留下"
},
{
"id": 3,
"name": "张三",
"sex": "男",
"age": 25,
"classroom": "307",
"info": "这个人很懒,什么也没有留下"
},
{
"id": 4,
"name": "李四",
"sex": "男",
"age": 24,
"classroom": "308",
"info": "这个人很懒,什么也没有留下"
}
]
标签:name,models,py,django,framework,api,contrib,import,Django 来源: https://www.cnblogs.com/minqiliang/p/16586159.html
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