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集合

2022-07-15 20:01:54  阅读:111  来源: 互联网

标签:Node return int next key 集合 null


源码分析

如何看源码:
脉络 解决什么问题,忽略掉不重要的一些细节
构造 add remove
理解代码运行过程
ArrayList
集合1

1、集合框架--Collection

2、ArrayList 和LinkedList

ArrayList:基于数组实现,查询效率高

LinkedList:基于链表实现,增删效率高

size():长度

add():添加

remove():删除

clear():清空

set():修改

3、泛型

限制类型

不用转型

泛型:<>

4、Collections

shuffle:

Collections.reverse(list);反转集合

Collections.checkedList(dogs,Dog.class):对加入数据的类型进行检查

5、HashSet

hashCode:确定桶的
equals:比较是否同一个对象,决定了这个元素是丢是留

LinkedHashSet是在HashSet的基础上新维护了一个双向链表

6、TreeSet

树:二叉树

两种排序:

       用匿名内部类在构造TreeSet的时候放一个Comparator



      用需要排序的类去实现Comparable

7、迭代器

iterator

Collection extends Iterable;

意味着只要是Collection的儿子都有迭代器

//获取迭代器
Iterator<T> itor = 集合.iterator();
//while
while(itor.hasNext()){
   T t = itor.next();
}
注意:迭代器可以在迭代的同事删除当前元素
    
 反向迭代器   

8、Map

8.1 HashMap<K,V>

  put(k,v);

  remove(key)

 get(key)

 keySet():key的集合----Set

 values():Collection

 entrySet():Set<Entry<K,V>>

 containsKey():是否包含这个键

8.2 Hashtable

    线程安全的,效率低,使用少,键值不能为null

     Properties类:

编写配置文件

8.3 LinkedHashMap

public static void main(String[] args) {
		LinkedHashMap<String, String> map = new LinkedHashMap<String, String>();		
		map.put("CN", "CHINA");
		map.put("US", "AMERICA");
		map.put("RU", "RUSSIA");
		map.put("JP", "JAPAN");
		map.put("FR", "FRANCE");
		map.put("UK", "UNITEDKINGDON");
		System.out.println(map);
}

8.4 TreeMap

public static void main(String[] args) {
		TreeMap<Student, String> map = new TreeMap<Student, String>(new Comparator<Student>() {
			public int compare(Student o1, Student o2) {
				return o1.salary-o2.salary;
			}
		});
		map.put(new Student("中国",50,10), "CHINA");
		map.put(new Student("美国",20,21), "AMERICA");
		map.put(new Student("俄国",30,23), "RUSSIA");
		map.put(new Student("日本",40,34), "JAPAN");
		map.put(new Student("法国",60,34), "FRANCE");
		map.put(new Student("英国",100,66), "UNITEDKINGDON");
		System.out.println(map);
	}

9、源码分析

如何看源码:

     脉络---解决什么问题,忽略掉不重要的一些细节

     构造---》add--->remove

9.1 ArrayList

ArrayList<String> list =new ArrayList<String>(20);//1
ArrayList<String> list =new ArrayList<String>();//3
ArrayList<String> list =new ArrayList<String>(0);//1,2,3,4,6,9,13,19,28//9
list.add("111");
这两种方式定义集合,当集合长度达到20时,分别经历了多少次扩容?
    
public ArrayList() {
      //构造一个无参的对象,就把一个空数组赋给elementData,这个数组实际上就是
      //ArrayList的底层数据存储的地方
      this.elementData = DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;//{};
}  
//私有静态常量对象数组
private static final Object[] DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {};
//对象数组的属性
transient Object[] elementData;

//添加方法
public boolean add(E e) {
      ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1);  //private int size;---默认为0
      elementData[size++] = e;
      return true;
}


private void ensureCapacityInternal(int minCapacity) {//1
        ensureExplicitCapacity(calculateCapacity(elementData, minCapacity));//{}-DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA,1 ---10
}

private static int calculateCapacity(Object[] elementData, int minCapacity) {
      if (elementData == DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA) {//无参构造第一次满足
            return Math.max(DEFAULT_CAPACITY, minCapacity);
          // private static final int DEFAULT_CAPACITY = 10;
      }
     return minCapacity;
}

private void ensureExplicitCapacity(int minCapacity) {//10 
        modCount++;

        // overflow-conscious code
        if (minCapacity - elementData.length > 0)
            grow(minCapacity);//扩容-10
}

 private void grow(int minCapacity) {//10--1
        // overflow-conscious code
        int oldCapacity = elementData.length;//0
        int newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1);//0
        if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0)
            newCapacity = minCapacity;//10
        if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0)
            newCapacity = hugeCapacity(minCapacity);
        // minCapacity is usually close to size, so this is a win:
        elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity);//扩容
 }

以上是无参构造的执行过程

 public ArrayList(int initialCapacity) {//20
        if (initialCapacity > 0) {
            this.elementData = new Object[initialCapacity];
        } else if (initialCapacity == 0) {
            this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
        } else {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Capacity: "+
                                               initialCapacity);
        }
}

//modCount--模数    魔数    魔术
这个变量记录的是集合操作的次数---增删


//remove
public E remove(int index) {//下标
        rangeCheck(index);

        modCount++;
        E oldValue = elementData(index);

        int numMoved = size - index - 1;
        if (numMoved > 0)
            System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index,
                             numMoved);
        elementData[--size] = null; // clear to let GC do its work

        return oldValue;
}

//get    

1、ArrayList在无参构造的时候,设置对象数组为空

2、如果是无参构造出来的空集合,一开始长度为0,第一次执行添加操作的时候,会扩容到10

3、以后ArrayList满了的时候就会按照1.5倍进行扩容

4、如果构造的是带参的,那么直接扩容到参数指定的个数,特例如果参数为0,就从0开始扩容

源码解决ArrayList不可修改的问题

Arrays类里有一个ArrayList的内部类,这个类没有实现add,remove方法发,而是直接抛异常

String[] strs = {"aaa","bbb","ddd"};
List list = Arrays.asList(strs);

这样得到的list集合只能读写,不能增删

9.2 LinkedList

无参构造:
public LinkedList() {
}

public boolean add(E e) {
        linkLast(e);//后面添加元素
        return true;
}
//链表的节点
private static class Node<E> {
        E item;//数据---“aaa”
        Node<E> next;//后继
        Node<E> prev;//前驱

        Node(Node<E> prev, E element, Node<E> next) {
            this.item = element;
            this.next = next;
            this.prev = prev;
        }
}
//添加元素
void linkLast(E e) {
        final Node<E> l = last;//先把最后一个节点缓存起来
        //这个节点是要添加的节点,前驱是上次最后的节点,后继为空
        final Node<E> newNode = new Node<>(l, e, null);
        //成员变量last保存当前要添加的节点为最后节点
        last = newNode;
        if (l == null)
            //第一个节点,first=last=newNode
            first = newNode;
        else
            l.next = newNode;
        size++;
        modCount++;
}

//删除指定元素
public boolean remove(Object o) {
        if (o == null) {
            for (Node<E> x = first; x != null; x = x.next) {
                if (x.item == null) {
                    unlink(x);
                    return true;
                }
            }
        } else {
            //遍历所有的节点,判断内容相等即删除,然后返回,循环完都找不到就返回false
            for (Node<E> x = first; x != null; x = x.next) {
                if (o.equals(x.item)) {
                    unlink(x);
                    return true;
                }
            }
        }
        return false;
}


E unlink(Node<E> x) {
        // assert x != null;
        final E element = x.item;//删除的值先保存一下,最后返回去
        final Node<E> next = x.next;//后继节点
        final Node<E> prev = x.prev;//前驱节点

        if (prev == null) {
            first = next;
        } else {
            prev.next = next;
            x.prev = null;
        }

        if (next == null) {
            last = prev;
        } else {
            next.prev = prev;
            x.next = null;
        }

        x.item = null;//释放对象,提醒垃圾回收线程回收垃圾
        size--;
        modCount++;
        return element;
    }

list.get(index):
public E get(int index) {
        checkElementIndex(index);//下标检查
        return node(index).item;
}

Node<E> node(int index) {
        // assert isElementIndex(index);
        if (index < (size >> 1)) {
            Node<E> x = first;
            for (int i = 0; i < index; i++)
                x = x.next;
            return x;
        } else {
            Node<E> x = last;
            for (int i = size - 1; i > index; i--)
                x = x.prev;
            return x;
        }
}

9.3 HashMap

无参构造:
    public HashMap() {
        //loadFactor:加载因子
        //static final float DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR = 0.75f;
        this.loadFactor = DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR; // all other fields defaulted
    }
put:
public V put(K key, V value) {
      return putVal(hash(key), key, value, false, true);
}
//hash
static final int hash(Object key) {
        int h;
        return (key == null) ? 0 : (h = key.hashCode()) ^ (h >>> 16);
        //0101010101010110110101 --高16位移位低16位
}
//设值的方法
//内部类
static class Node<K,V> implements Map.Entry<K,V> {
        final int hash;
        final K key;
        V value;
        Node<K,V> next;

        Node(int hash, K key, V value, Node<K,V> next) {
            this.hash = hash;
            this.key = key;
            this.value = value;
            this.next = next;
        }

        public final K getKey()        { return key; }
        public final V getValue()      { return value; }
        public final String toString() { return key + "=" + value; }

        public final int hashCode() {
            return Objects.hashCode(key) ^ Objects.hashCode(value);
        }

        public final V setValue(V newValue) {
            V oldValue = value;
            value = newValue;
            return oldValue;
        }

        public final boolean equals(Object o) {
            if (o == this)
                return true;
            if (o instanceof Map.Entry) {
                Map.Entry<?,?> e = (Map.Entry<?,?>)o;
                if (Objects.equals(key, e.getKey()) &&
                    Objects.equals(value, e.getValue()))
                    return true;
            }
            return false;
        }
}

transient Node<K,V>[] table;//哈希桶


final V putVal(int hash, K key, V value, boolean onlyIfAbsent,
                   boolean evict) {
        Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> p; int n, i;
        //第一次桶为空
        if ((tab = table) == null || (n = tab.length) == 0)
            n = (tab = resize()).length;//hash桶的扩容---第一次  --- 16,阈值是12           //通过桶的下标获取到桶里的元素--null,单节点,链表,红黑树 
        if ((p = tab[i = (n - 1) & hash]) == null)
            //i = (n - 1) & hash   1010010101101010100010100---0
            //                     0000000000000000000001111
            //                     0000000000000000000000100
            //n=10                 0000000000000000000001001
            //
            //这个位置没有别人,new 节点放进去
            tab[i] = newNode(hash, key, value, null);
        else {
            //节点,链表,红黑树
            Node<K,V> e; K k;
            if (p.hash == hash &&
                ((k = p.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
                e = p;//保存相同的节点
            else if (p instanceof TreeNode)
                //如果这个桶里存的是个红黑树
                e = ((TreeNode<K,V>)p).putTreeVal(this, tab, hash, key, value);
            else {
                //链表
                for (int binCount = 0; ; ++binCount) {
                    if ((e = p.next) == null) {
                        p.next = newNode(hash, key, value, null);
                        //static final int TREEIFY_THRESHOLD = 8
                        if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD - 1) // -1 for 1st
                            treeifyBin(tab, hash);//solidify
                        break;
                    }
                    if (e.hash == hash &&
                        ((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
                        break;
                    p = e;
                }
            }
            if (e != null) { // existing mapping for key
                V oldValue = e.value;
                if (!onlyIfAbsent || oldValue == null)
                    e.value = value;
                afterNodeAccess(e);
                return oldValue;
            }
        }
        ++modCount;
        if (++size > threshold)
            resize();
        afterNodeInsertion(evict);
        return null;
}



final Node<K,V>[] resize() {
        Node<K,V>[] oldTab = table;//缓存原来的hash桶
        int oldCap = (oldTab == null) ? 0 : oldTab.length;
        int oldThr = threshold;//阈值--0  
        int newCap, newThr = 0;
        if (oldCap > 0) {
            if (oldCap >= MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) {
                threshold = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
                return oldTab;
            }
            else if ((newCap = oldCap << 1) < MAXIMUM_CAPACITY &&
                     oldCap >= DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY)
                newThr = oldThr << 1; // double threshold
        }
        else if (oldThr > 0) // initial capacity was placed in threshold
            newCap = oldThr;
        else {               // zero initial threshold signifies using defaults
            //默认第一次从0扩展到16
            newCap = DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY;//static final int DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY = 1 << 4; // aka 16
            newThr = (int)(DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR * DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY);//12
        }
        if (newThr == 0) {
            float ft = (float)newCap * loadFactor;
            newThr = (newCap < MAXIMUM_CAPACITY && ft < (float)MAXIMUM_CAPACITY ?
                      (int)ft : Integer.MAX_VALUE);
        }
        threshold = newThr;
        //创建新桶,把原来的元素放到新桶里返出去
        @SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes","unchecked"})
        Node<K,V>[] newTab = (Node<K,V>[])new Node[newCap];
        table = newTab;
        if (oldTab != null) {
            for (int j = 0; j < oldCap; ++j) {
                Node<K,V> e;
                if ((e = oldTab[j]) != null) {
                    oldTab[j] = null;
                    if (e.next == null)
                        newTab[e.hash & (newCap - 1)] = e;
                    else if (e instanceof TreeNode)
                        ((TreeNode<K,V>)e).split(this, newTab, j, oldCap);
                    else { // preserve order
                        Node<K,V> loHead = null, loTail = null;
                        Node<K,V> hiHead = null, hiTail = null;
                        Node<K,V> next;
                        do {
                            next = e.next;
                            if ((e.hash & oldCap) == 0) {
                                if (loTail == null)
                                    loHead = e;
                                else
                                    loTail.next = e;
                                loTail = e;
                            }
                            else {
                                if (hiTail == null)
                                    hiHead = e;
                                else
                                    hiTail.next = e;
                                hiTail = e;
                            }
                        } while ((e = next) != null);
                        if (loTail != null) {
                            loTail.next = null;
                            newTab[j] = loHead;
                        }
                        if (hiTail != null) {
                            hiTail.next = null;
                            newTab[j + oldCap] = hiHead;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        return newTab;
}



带参构造:
    public HashMap(int initialCapacity) {//10
        this(initialCapacity, DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR);
    }
public HashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) {
        if (initialCapacity < 0)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal initial capacity: " +
                                               initialCapacity);
        if (initialCapacity > MAXIMUM_CAPACITY)
            initialCapacity = MAXIMUM_CAPACITY;
        if (loadFactor <= 0 || Float.isNaN(loadFactor))
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal load factor: " +
                                               loadFactor);
        this.loadFactor = loadFactor;
        this.threshold = tableSizeFor(initialCapacity);
}    
//这个方法就是保证2的n次方的
static final int tableSizeFor(int cap) {//10
        int n = cap - 1;//1001   //0111
        n |= n >>> 1;   //1100
        n |= n >>> 2;   //1111   //1000
        n |= n >>> 4;
        n |= n >>> 8;
        n |= n >>> 16;//0000010000
        return (n < 0) ? 1 : (n >= MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) ? MAXIMUM_CAPACITY : n + 1;
 }
    
    
    1、HashMap无参构造第一次扩到16个桶,加载因子是0.75f,阈值是12
    2、key的hash值是这个key对应的hashcode()高十六位移位低十六位与原值做异或运算得到的---散
    3、元素放哪个桶里取决于key得到的hash与n-1做位与运算,这里要求hash桶的长度必须是2的n次方,如果不是,则有一些桶里面永远不可能有元素。
    4、HashMap如何保证这个长度是2的n次方,无参构造默认使用16,以后每次扩容都是2倍,带参构造会自动运算成大于等于这个长度值的最近的2的n次方的数。
    5、如果Key的hash值一样,默认是替换原来的值。
    6、如果这个桶里面是一个链表,那么链表元素的个数达到8的时候就会转为红黑树。同样的如果树的元素达到6的时候再转为链表。转换的前提是hash桶的个数要达到64。
    7、如果hash桶扩容了,原来的元素会不会换桶---会--rehash
        
        null做键?这个元素在哪里?
       
        
LinkedHashMap:多维护了一个双向链表

9.4 TreeMap

public TreeMap() {
        comparator = null;
}
//put方法
public V put(K key, V value) {
        Entry<K,V> t = root;//根节点
        if (t == null) {
            compare(key, key); // type (and possibly null) check

            root = new Entry<>(key, value, null);
            size = 1;
            modCount++;
            return null;
        }
        int cmp;
        Entry<K,V> parent;
        // split comparator and comparable paths
        Comparator<? super K> cpr = comparator;
        if (cpr != null) {//构造进去的Comparator比较器
            do {
                parent = t;
                cmp = cpr.compare(key, t.key);
                if (cmp < 0)
                    t = t.left;
                else if (cmp > 0)
                    t = t.right;
                else
                    return t.setValue(value);
            } while (t != null);
        }
        else {//使用类实现Comparable这个接口的比较器
            if (key == null)
                throw new NullPointerException();
            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
                Comparable<? super K> k = (Comparable<? super K>) key;
            do {
                parent = t;
                cmp = k.compareTo(t.key);//book    t.key = book
                if (cmp < 0)
                    t = t.left;
                else if (cmp > 0)
                    t = t.right;
                else
                    return t.setValue(value);
            } while (t != null);
        }
        Entry<K,V> e = new Entry<>(key, value, parent);
        if (cmp < 0)
            parent.left = e;
        else
            parent.right = e;
        fixAfterInsertion(e);
        size++;
        modCount++;
        return null;
 }
//取值
get
     public V get(Object key) {
        Entry<K,V> p = getEntry(key);
        return (p==null ? null : p.value);
    }
    
    final Entry<K,V> getEntry(Object key) {
        // Offload comparator-based version for sake of performance
        if (comparator != null)
            return getEntryUsingComparator(key);
        if (key == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
            Comparable<? super K> k = (Comparable<? super K>) key;
        Entry<K,V> p = root;
        while (p != null) {
            int cmp = k.compareTo(p.key);
            if (cmp < 0)
                p = p.left;
            else if (cmp > 0)
                p = p.right;
            else
                return p;
        }
        return null;
    }

ArrayList不可修改问题

第一次扩容到16
阈值为16*0.72=12
8

标签:Node,return,int,next,key,集合,null
来源: https://www.cnblogs.com/chahune/p/16482646.html

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