标签：只读 app dbf ORCL oradata oracle rman 备份 u01
目录rman只读表空间备份和恢复
当使用alter tablespace tbs read only时,数据文件会执行检查点进程(将所有脏缓冲区的内容写至磁盘)，
当前的SCN号会被标注,同时存储了SCN的数据文件头部被冻结不再变化.控制文件内也会记录该数据文件的冻结信息。
特点：
1） 减少启动和关闭时间：当表空间设置为只读后，在启动和关闭时就不会对只读表空间对应的数据文件进行处理。从而减少了数据库启动和关闭的时间。
2） 减少备份恢复时间：备份只读表空间后，不需要在对其进行备份，减少了备份量
3）不同分区表放在不同表空间，历史的数据做只读，便于管理
备份只读表空间
方式：
1）exclude排除不需要备份的表空间（需要手动指定，不方便）
2）skip readonly跳过只读表空间（自动跳过）
exclude方式
1创建测试的只读表空间test01
create tablespace TEST1 datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/test1.dbf' size 10m;
create table t1(a int) tablespace test1;
insert into t1 select rownum from dual connect by rownum<=10;
alter tablespace test1 read only;
SQL> select tablespace_name,contents,status from dba_tablespaces;
TABLESPACE_NAME CONTENTS STATUS
------------------------------ --------------------- ---------
SYSTEM PERMANENT ONLINE
SYSAUX PERMANENT ONLINE
UNDOTBS1 UNDO ONLINE
TEMP TEMPORARY ONLINE
USERS PERMANENT ONLINE
TEST1 PERMANENT READ ONLY
2.备份只读表空间
backup tablespace test1 format '/tmp/test/%d_test1_%s.bk';
RMAN> list backup of database;
备份集列表
===================
BS 关键字 类型 LV 大小 设备类型 经过时间 完成时间
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ----------
60 Full 1.12M DISK 00:00:00 14-5月 -22
BP 关键字: 60 状态: AVAILABLE 已压缩: NO 标记: TAG20220514T103917
段名:/tmp/test/ORCL_test1_80.bk
备份集 60 中的数据文件列表
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp 时间 Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
---- -- ---- ---------- ---------- ----------- ------ ----
15 Full 4202861 14-5月 -22 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/test1.dbf
3.备份时排除只读表空间
run {
allocate channel ch1 device type disk;
allocate channel ch2 device type disk;
configure exclude for tablespace test1;
backup as compressed backupset incremental level 0 database format '/tmp/test/%d_%s.bk';
configure exclude for tablespace test1 clear;
backup current controlfile format '/tmp/test/control_%s.bk';
crosscheck archivelog all;
delete noprompt expired archivelog all;
backup archivelog all delete input format '/tmp/test/arch_%s';
release channel ch1;
release channel ch2;
}
skip readonly方式
backup tablespace test1 format '/tmp/test/%d_test1_%s.bk';
备份只读表空间之后
run {
allocate channel ch1 device type disk;
allocate channel ch2 device type disk;
backup as compressed backupset incremental level 0 database format '/tmp/test/%d_%s.bk' include current controlfile skip readonly;
crosscheck archivelog all;
delete noprompt expired archivelog all;
backup archivelog all delete input format '/tmp/test/arch_%s';
release channel ch1;
release channel ch2;
}
恢复只读表空间
分三种情况：
- 备份是read only状态，被破坏时是时read only（只需要recover）
- 备份是read only状态，被破坏时是时read write
- 备份是read write状态，被破坏时是时read only
备份是read only状态，被破坏时是时read only
只需要resotore即可
--先备份
backup tablespace test1 format '/tmp/test/test1_%s.bk';
--查看对应的检查点信息
SQL> select name,checkpoint_change# from v$datafile;
......
NAME CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#
-------------------------------------------------- ------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/system01.dbf 4307981
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/sysaux01.dbf 4307981
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/undotbs01.dbf 4307981
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/pdbseed/system01.dbf 2159413
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/pdbseed/sysaux01.dbf 2159413
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/users01.dbf 4307981
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/pdbseed/undotbs01.dbf 2159413
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/orclpdb/system01.dbf 3272499
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/orclpdb/sysaux01.dbf 3272499
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/orclpdb/undotbs01.dbf 3272499
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/orclpdb/users01.dbf 3272499
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/test1.dbf 4202861
--生成一个完全检查点，强行写脏块更新数据文件和控制文件的检查点
SQL> alter system checkpoint;
--查看对比检查点变化情况，只读表空间检查点锁死不变
--同时也侧面证明了cdb的系统操作不会作用pdb的数据文件
SQL> select name,checkpoint_change# from v$datafile;
NAME CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#
-------------------------------------------------- ------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/system01.dbf 4308474
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/sysaux01.dbf 4308474
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/undotbs01.dbf 4308474
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/pdbseed/system01.dbf 2159413
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/pdbseed/sysaux01.dbf 2159413
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/users01.dbf 4308474
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/pdbseed/undotbs01.dbf 2159413
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/orclpdb/system01.dbf 3272499
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/orclpdb/sysaux01.dbf 3272499
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/orclpdb/undotbs01.dbf 3272499
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/orclpdb/users01.dbf 3272499
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/test1.dbf 4202861
--删除，模拟破坏数据文件,
rm -f /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/test1.dbf
SQL> alter system flush buffer_cache;
--数据文件15号不见了
数据文件 15: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/test1.dbf'
--rman恢复
run{
sql'alter database datafile 15 offline';
restore datafile 15;
sql'alter database datafile 15 online';
}
备份是read only状态，被破坏时是时read write
--备份
backup tablespace test1 format '/tmp/test/test1_%s.bk';
--转化为read write
SQL> alter tablespace test1 read write;
SQL> select tablespace_name,contents,status from dba_tablespaces;
TABLESPACE_NAME CONTENTS STATUS
------------------------------ --------------------- ---------
SYSTEM PERMANENT ONLINE
SYSAUX PERMANENT ONLINE
UNDOTBS1 UNDO ONLINE
TEMP TEMPORARY ONLINE
USERS PERMANENT ONLINE
TEST1 PERMANENT ONLINE
SQL> col table_name for a30;
SQL> select table_name,tablespace_name from user_tables where table_name='T1';
TABLE_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME
------------------------------ ------------------------------
T1 TEST1
--修改表，同时检查点号改变
SQL> insert into t1 select * from t1;
SQL> commit;
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
SQL> alter system checkpoint;
SQL> select count(*) from t1;
COUNT(*)
----------
20
--删除，模拟破坏数据文件,
rm -f /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/test1.dbf
SQL> alter system flush buffer_cache;
--rman恢复,可以从告警日志中查看详细动作，利用归档或者没有日志切换就使用redo进行了进行恢复
run{
sql'alter database datafile 15 offline';
restore datafile 15;
recover datafile 15;
sql'alter database datafile 15 online';
}
备份是read write状态，被破坏时是时read only
SQL> select tablespace_name,contents,status from dba_tablespaces;
TABLESPACE_NAME CONTENTS STATUS
------------------------------ --------------------- ---------
SYSTEM PERMANENT ONLINE
SYSAUX PERMANENT ONLINE
UNDOTBS1 UNDO ONLINE
TEMP TEMPORARY ONLINE
USERS PERMANENT ONLINE
TEST1 PERMANENT ONLINE
--先做备份
backup tablespace test1 format '/tmp/test/test1_%s.bk';
RMAN> list backup of tablespace test1;
备份集列表
===================
BS 关键字 类型 LV 大小 设备类型 经过时间 完成时间
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ----------
117 Full 1.12M DISK 00:00:00 15-5月 -22
BP 关键字: 117 状态: AVAILABLE 已压缩: NO 标记: TAG20220515T110328
段名:/tmp/test/test1_139.bk
备份集 117 中的数据文件列表
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp 时间 Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
---- -- ---- ---------- ---------- ----------- ------ ----
15 Full 4833216 15-5月 -22 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/test1.dbf
SQL> insert into t1 select * from t1;
SQL> commit;
SQL> select count(*) from t1;
COUNT(*)
----------
40960
--变为read only状态，注意检查点
SQL> select name,checkpoint_change# from v$datafile;
NAME CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#
-------------------------------------------------- ------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/system01.dbf 4829465
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/sysaux01.dbf 4829465
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/undotbs01.dbf 4829465
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/pdbseed/system01.dbf 2159413
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/pdbseed/sysaux01.dbf 2159413
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/users01.dbf 4829465
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/pdbseed/undotbs01.dbf 2159413
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/orclpdb/system01.dbf 3272499
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/orclpdb/sysaux01.dbf 3272499
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/orclpdb/undotbs01.dbf 3272499
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/orclpdb/users01.dbf 3272499
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/test1.dbf 4833216
SQL> alter tablespace test1 read only;
SQL> select name,checkpoint_change# from v$datafile;
NAME CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#
-------------------------------------------------- ------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/system01.dbf 4829465
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/sysaux01.dbf 4829465
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/undotbs01.dbf 4829465
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/pdbseed/system01.dbf 2159413
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/pdbseed/sysaux01.dbf 2159413
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/users01.dbf 4829465
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/pdbseed/undotbs01.dbf 2159413
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/orclpdb/system01.dbf 3272499
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/orclpdb/sysaux01.dbf 3272499
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/orclpdb/undotbs01.dbf 3272499
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/orclpdb/users01.dbf 3272499
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/test1.dbf 4833415
--生成完全检查点
SQL> alter system checkpoint;
SQL> select name,checkpoint_change# from v$datafile;
NAME CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#
-------------------------------------------------- ------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/system01.dbf 4833517
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/sysaux01.dbf 4833517
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/undotbs01.dbf 4833517
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/pdbseed/system01.dbf 2159413
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/pdbseed/sysaux01.dbf 2159413
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/users01.dbf 4833517
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/pdbseed/undotbs01.dbf 2159413
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/orclpdb/system01.dbf 3272499
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/orclpdb/sysaux01.dbf 3272499
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/orclpdb/undotbs01.dbf 3272499
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/orclpdb/users01.dbf 3272499
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/test1.dbf 4833415
--现在是read only
SQL> select tablespace_name,contents,status from dba_tablespaces;
TABLESPACE_NAME CONTENTS STATUS
------------------------------ --------------------- ---------
SYSTEM PERMANENT ONLINE
SYSAUX PERMANENT ONLINE
UNDOTBS1 UNDO ONLINE
TEMP TEMPORARY ONLINE
USERS PERMANENT ONLINE
TEST1 PERMANENT READ ONLY
SQL> select count(*) from t1;
COUNT(*)
----------
40960
--删除，模拟破坏数据文件,
rm -f /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/test1.dbf
SQL> alter system flush buffer_cache;
SQL> select count(*) from t1;
COUNT(*)
----------
40960
SQL> insert into t1 select * from t1;
insert into t1 select * from t1
*
第 1 行出现错误:
ORA-00372: 此时无法修改文件 15
ORA-01110: 数据文件 15: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/test1.dbf'
--rman恢复
run{
sql'alter database datafile 15 offline';
restore datafile 15;
recover datafile 15;
sql'alter database datafile 15 online';
}
--对比检查点，没有变化
SQL> select name,checkpoint_change# from v$datafile;
NAME CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#
-------------------------------------------------- ------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/system01.dbf 4833517
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/sysaux01.dbf 4833517
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/undotbs01.dbf 4833517
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/pdbseed/system01.dbf 2159413
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/pdbseed/sysaux01.dbf 2159413
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/users01.dbf 4833517
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/pdbseed/undotbs01.dbf 2159413
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/orclpdb/system01.dbf 3272499
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/orclpdb/sysaux01.dbf 3272499
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/orclpdb/undotbs01.dbf 3272499
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/orclpdb/users01.dbf 3272499
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/test1.dbf 4833415
标签：只读,app,dbf,ORCL,oradata,oracle,rman,备份,u01 来源： https://www.cnblogs.com/shipment/p/16272775.html
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