标签:Cypher name born Fundamentals Movie Person Queries WHERE MATCH
Cypher Fundamentals
Reading Data from Neo4j
- Introduction to Cypher
- Retrieving Nodes
- Finding Relationships
- Traversing Relationships
- Finding Emil
- Filtering Queries
- Finding Specific Actors
Writing Data to Neo4j
- Creating Nodes
- Creating a Node
- Creating Relationships
- Creating a Relationship
- Updating Properties
- Adding Properties to a Movie
- Merge Processing
- Adding or Updating a Movie
- Deleting Data
- Deleting Emil
QUIZ
Filtering Queries
VideoTranscriptFiltering queries
Earlier, you learned that the WHERE
clause is used to tell the query engine to filter what nodes are retrieved from the graph. In this lesson you will learn about some of the ways that you can filter your queries.
You have already learned how you can test equality for properties of a node and how you can use logical expressions to further filter what you want to retrieve.
For example, this query retrieves the Person nodes and Movie nodes where the person acted in a movie that was released in 2008 or 2009:
cypherMATCH (p:Person)-[:ACTED_IN]->(m:Movie)
WHERE m.released = 2008 OR m.released = 2009
RETURN p, m
Filtering by node labels
You have already seen this type of query. It returns the names of all people who acted in the movie, The Matrix.
cypherMATCH (p:Person)-[:ACTED_IN]->(m:Movie)
WHERE m.title='The Matrix'
RETURN p.name
An alternative to this query is the following where we test the node labels in the WHERE
clause:
MATCH (p)-[:ACTED_IN]->(m)
WHERE p:Person AND m:Movie AND m.title='The Matrix'
RETURN p.name
Both queries execute the same way, but you may want to use one style of filtering over another in your code.
Filtering using ranges
You can specify a range for filtering a query. Here we want to retrieve Person nodes of people who acted in movies released between 2000 and 2003:
cypherMATCH (p:Person)-[:ACTED_IN]->(m:Movie)
WHERE 2000 <= m.released <= 2003
RETURN p.name, m.title, m.released
Filtering by existence of a property
Recall that by default, there is no requirement that a node or relationship has a given property. Here is an example of a query where we only want to return Movie nodes where Jack Nicholson acted in the movie, and the movie has the tagline property.
cypherMATCH (p:Person)-[:ACTED_IN]->(m:Movie)
WHERE p.name='Jack Nicholson' AND m.tagline IS NOT NULL
RETURN m.title, m.tagline
Filtering by partial strings
Cypher has a set of string-related keywords that you can use in your WHERE
clauses to test string property values. You can specify STARTS WITH
, ENDS WITH
, and CONTAINS
.
For example, to find all actors in the graph whose first name is Michael, you would write:
cypherMATCH (p:Person)-[:ACTED_IN]->()
WHERE p.name STARTS WITH 'Michael'
RETURN p.name
String tests are case-sensitive so you may need to use the toLower()
or toUpper()
functions to ensure the test yields the correct results. For example:
MATCH (p:Person)-[:ACTED_IN]->()
WHERE toLower(p.name) STARTS WITH 'michael'
RETURN p.name
Filtering by patterns in the graph
Suppose you wanted to find all people who wrote a movie but did not direct that same movie. Here is how you would perform the query:
cypherMATCH (p:Person)-[:WROTE]->(m:Movie)
WHERE NOT exists( (p)-[:DIRECTED]->(m) )
RETURN p.name, m.title
Filtering using lists
If you have a set of values you want to test with, you can place them in a list or you can test with an existing list in the graph. A Cypher list is a comma-separated set of values within square brackets.
You can define the list in the WHERE
clause. During the query, the graph engine will compare each property with the values IN
the list. You can place either numeric or string values in the list, but typically, elements of the list are of the same type of data. If you are testing with a property of a string type, then all the elements of the list will be strings.
In this example, we only want to retrieve Person nodes of people born in 1965, 1970, or 1975:
cypherMATCH (p:Person)
WHERE p.born IN [1965, 1970, 1975]
RETURN p.name, p.born
You can also compare a value to an existing list in the graph.
We know that the :ACTED_IN relationship has a property, roles that contains the list of roles an actor had in a particular movie they acted in. Here is the query we write to return the name of the actor who played Neo in the movie The Matrix:
cypherMATCH (p:Person)-[r:ACTED_IN]->(m:Movie)
WHERE 'Neo' IN r.roles AND m.title='The Matrix'
RETURN p.name, r.roles
Check your understanding
1. Filtering a value in a list
Suppose you want to retrieve all movies that have a released property value that is 2000, 2002, 2004, 2006, or 2008. Here is an incomplete Cypher example to return the title property values of all movies released in these years. What keyword do you specify in the WHERE
clause?
Once you have selected your option, click the Check Results query button to continue.
cypherMATCH (m:Movie)
WHERE m.released [2000, 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008]
RETURN m.title
2. Finding people born in the seventies.
We want to write a MATCH
clause to retrieve all Person nodes for people born in the seventies.
Select the WHERE
clauses below that will filter this query properly:
MATCH (a:Person) RETURN a.name, a.born
-
WHERE a.born >= 1970 AND a.born < 1980
WHERE 1970 <= a.born < 1980
WHERE 1970 < a.born <= 1980
WHERE a.born IN [1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979]
标签:Cypher,name,born,Fundamentals,Movie,Person,Queries,WHERE,MATCH 来源: https://www.cnblogs.com/z-cm/p/16223036.html
本站声明: 1. iCode9 技术分享网(下文简称本站)提供的所有内容,仅供技术学习、探讨和分享; 2. 关于本站的所有留言、评论、转载及引用,纯属内容发起人的个人观点,与本站观点和立场无关; 3. 关于本站的所有言论和文字,纯属内容发起人的个人观点,与本站观点和立场无关; 4. 本站文章均是网友提供,不完全保证技术分享内容的完整性、准确性、时效性、风险性和版权归属;如您发现该文章侵犯了您的权益,可联系我们第一时间进行删除; 5. 本站为非盈利性的个人网站,所有内容不会用来进行牟利,也不会利用任何形式的广告来间接获益,纯粹是为了广大技术爱好者提供技术内容和技术思想的分享性交流网站。