ICode9

精准搜索请尝试: 精确搜索
首页 > 其他分享> 文章详细

Kubernetes 安装部署之kubeadm

2022-03-30 09:03:20  阅读:208  来源: 互联网

标签:name Kubernetes 部署 etc io kubeadm kube cni flannel


Kubernetes 基本逻辑

Master
k8s集群控制节点,对集群进行调度管理,接受集群外用户去集群操作请求;
Master Node 由 API Server、Scheduler、ClusterState Store(ETCD 数据库)和 Controller MangerServer 所组成;
Nodes
集群工作节点,运行用户业务应用容器;
Nodes节点也叫Worker Node,包含kubelet、kube proxy 和 Pod(Container Runtime);

Kubernetes环境搭建方式

部署 Kubernetes 环境(集群)主要有多种方式:

(1)minikube
minikube可以在本地运行Kubernetes的工具,minikube可以在个人计算机(包括Windows,macOS和Linux PC)上运行一个单节点Kubernetes集群,以便您可以试用Kubernetes或进行日常开发工作;
https://kubernetes.io/docs/tutorials/hello-minikube/
(2)kind
Kind和minikube类似的工具,让你在本地计算机上运行Kubernetes,此工具需要安装并配置Docker;
https://kind.sigs.k8s.io/
(3)kubeadm
Kubeadm是一个K8s部署工具,提供kubeadm init 和 kubeadm join两个操作命令,可以快速部署一个Kubernetes集群;
官方地址:
https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm/
https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/production-environment/tools/kubeadm/install-kubeadm/
(4)二进制包
从Github下载发行版的二进制包,手动部署安装每个组件,组成Kubernetes集群,步骤比较繁琐,但是能让你对各个组件有更清晰的认识;
(5)yum安装
通过yum安装Kubernetes的每个组件,组成Kubernetes集群,不过yum源里面的k8s版本已经比较老了,所以这种方式用得也比较少了;
(6)第三方工具
有一些大神封装了一些工具,利用这些工具进行k8s环境的安装;
(7)花钱购买
直接购买类似阿里云这样的公有云平台k8s,一键搞定;

Kubeadm部署Kubernetes

kubeadm是官方社区推出的一个用于快速部署 kubernetes 集群的工具,这个工具能通过两条指令完成一个kubernetes集群的部署;

1、创建一个Master节点:
kubeadm init
2、将Node节点加入到Master集群中:
$ kubeadm join <Master节点的IP和端口 --token {...} --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash {...}>

Kubernetes部署环境要求

(1)一台或多台机器,操作系统CentOS 7.x-86_x64
(2)硬件配置:内存2GB或2G+,CPU 2核或CPU 2核+;
(3)集群内各个机器之间能相互通信;
(4)集群内各个机器可以访问外网,需要拉取镜像;
(5)禁止swap分区;

Kubernetes部署环境准备

# 关闭防火墙

systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld

# 关闭selinux

sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config  #永久
setenforce 0  #临时

# 关闭swap(k8s禁止虚拟内存以提高性能) 避免pod 失控偷跑现象

sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab #永久
swapoff -a #临时

# 在master添加hosts

cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
192.168.1.4 k8smaster
192.168.1.5 k8snode
192.168.1.6 k8snode2
EOF

# 设置网桥参数

cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
sysctl --system  #生效

# 时间同步

yum install ntpdate -y
ntpdate time.windows.com

Kubernetes安装具体步骤

所有服务器节点安装 Docker/kubeadm/kubelet/kubectl
Kubernetes 默认容器运行环境是Docker,因此首先需要安装Docker;
(1)安装 Docker
更新docker的yum源

yum install wget -y
wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo -O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo

安装指定版本的docker:
yum install docker-ce-19.03.13 -y
yum install docker -y (这个安装的Docker版本偏旧) 1.13.x
配置加速器加速下载 (https://cr.console.aliyun.com/)

/etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://registry.docker-cn.com"]
}

https://gg3gwnry.mirror.aliyuncs.com
然后执行:
systemctl enable docker.service
不然会提示警告;
那么接下来需要搭建:kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl
(2)添加k8s的阿里云YUM源

cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo << EOF
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF

到时候下载k8s的相关组件才能找到下载源;
(2)安装 kubeadm,kubelet 和 kubectl
yum install kubelet-1.19.4 kubeadm-1.19.4 kubectl-1.19.4 -y
然后执行:
systemctl enable kubelet.service
不然会提示警告;
查看有没有安装:

yum list installed | grep kubelet
yum list installed | grep kubeadm
yum list installed | grep kubectl

查看安装的版本: kubelet --version
Kubelet:运行在cluster所有节点上,负责启动POD和容器;
Kubeadm:用于初始化cluster的一个工具;
Kubectl:kubectl是kubenetes命令行工具,通过kubectl可以部署和管理应用,查看各种资源,创建,删除和更新组件;
此时应该重启一下centos;
(3)部署Kubernetes Master主节点
kubeadm init --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.1.4 --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers --kubernetes-version v1.19.4 --service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16
此命令在master机器上执行;
说明:
service-cidr 的选取不能和PodCIDR及本机网络有重叠或者冲突,一般可以选择一个本机网络和PodCIDR都没有用到的私网地址段,比如PODCIDR使用10.244.0.0/16, 那么service cidr可以选择10.96.0.0/12,网络无重叠冲突即可;-pod-network-cidr 网络段和第三方网络插件默认网段一致比如:kube-flannel 默认网络段是10.244.0.0这里保持一致否则后面要修改。
接下来在master机器上执行:

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

kubectl get nodes

接下来把node节点加入Kubernetes master中,在Node机器上执行;
向集群添加新节点,执行的命令就是kubeadm init最后输出的kubeadm join命令:

kubeadm join 192.168.1.4:6443 --token pxopo0.nw11lzd6kfcj69jj --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:409f67eeb4b55ba8e5c480776d0fcbf02287e423d9c4340163e2a0ab8c5d915e

部署网络插件

下载kube-flannel.yml文件
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
不过国内网络好像下载不了了后面提供yaml文件,当然其他网络插件也是可以的
应用kube-flannel.yml文件得到运行时容器
kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml (在master机器上执行)
然后查看节点状态: kubectl get nodes (在master机器上执行)需要等一会儿,然后节点就就绪了;
至此我们的k8s环境就搭建好了;
查看运行时容器pod (一个pod里面运行了多个docker容器)
kubectl get pods -n kube-system

Kubernetes部署“容器化应用”

Docker应用-->在docker里面部署一个java程序(springboot)
在Kubernetes集群中部署一个Nginx:

kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx
kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=80 --type=NodePort
kubectl get pod,svc
访问地址:http://NodeIP:Port

在Kubernetes集群中部署一个Tomcat:

kubectl create deployment tomcat --image=tomcat
kubectl expose deployment tomcat --port=8080 --type=NodePort
访问地址:http://NodeIP:Port

转摘:https://www.cnblogs.com/tangy1/p/14925216.html

K8s部署微服务(springboot程序)
1、项目打包(jar、war)-->可以采用一些工具git、maven、jenkins
2、制作Dockerfile文件,生成镜像;
3、kubectl create deployment nginx --image= 你的镜像
4、你的springboot就部署好了,是以docker容器的方式运行在pod里面的;

kube-flannel.yml代码
cat <<EOF > kube-flannel.yml
---
apiVersion: policy/v1beta1
kind: PodSecurityPolicy
metadata:
  name: psp.flannel.unprivileged
  annotations:
    seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: docker/default
    seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: docker/default
    apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: runtime/default
    apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: runtime/default
spec:
  privileged: false
  volumes:
    - configMap
    - secret
    - emptyDir
    - hostPath
  allowedHostPaths:
    - pathPrefix: "/etc/cni/net.d"
    - pathPrefix: "/etc/kube-flannel"
    - pathPrefix: "/run/flannel"
  readOnlyRootFilesystem: false
  # Users and groups
  runAsUser:
    rule: RunAsAny
  supplementalGroups:
    rule: RunAsAny
  fsGroup:
    rule: RunAsAny
  # Privilege Escalation
  allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
  defaultAllowPrivilegeEscalation: false
  # Capabilities
  allowedCapabilities: ['NET_ADMIN']
  defaultAddCapabilities: []
  requiredDropCapabilities: []
  # Host namespaces
  hostPID: false
  hostIPC: false
  hostNetwork: true
  hostPorts:
  - min: 0
    max: 65535
  # SELinux
  seLinux:
    # SELinux is unused in CaaSP
    rule: 'RunAsAny'
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
  name: flannel
rules:
  - apiGroups: ['extensions']
    resources: ['podsecuritypolicies']
    verbs: ['use']
    resourceNames: ['psp.flannel.unprivileged']
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - pods
    verbs:
      - get
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - nodes
    verbs:
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - nodes/status
    verbs:
      - patch
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
  name: flannel
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: flannel
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: flannel
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: flannel
  namespace: kube-system
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-cfg
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
data:
  cni-conf.json: |
    {
      "name": "cbr0",
      "cniVersion": "0.3.1",
      "plugins": [
        {
          "type": "flannel",
          "delegate": {
            "hairpinMode": true,
            "isDefaultGateway": true
          }
        },
        {
          "type": "portmap",
          "capabilities": {
            "portMappings": true
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  net-conf.json: |
    {
      "Network": "10.244.0.0/16",
      "Backend": {
        "Type": "vxlan"
      }
    }
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-ds-amd64
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: flannel
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        tier: node
        app: flannel
    spec:
      affinity:
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:
              - matchExpressions:
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - linux
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - amd64
      hostNetwork: true
      tolerations:
      - operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule
      serviceAccountName: flannel
      initContainers:
      - name: install-cni
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-amd64
        command:
        - cp
        args:
        - -f
        - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
        - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cni
          mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      containers:
      - name: kube-flannel
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-amd64
        command:
        - /opt/bin/flanneld
        args:
        - --ip-masq
        - --kube-subnet-mgr
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
          limits:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
        securityContext:
          privileged: false
          capabilities:
            add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
        env:
        - name: POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        volumeMounts:
        - name: run
          mountPath: /run/flannel
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      volumes:
        - name: run
          hostPath:
            path: /run/flannel
        - name: cni
          hostPath:
            path: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          configMap:
            name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-ds-arm64
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: flannel
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        tier: node
        app: flannel
    spec:
      affinity:
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:
              - matchExpressions:
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - linux
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - arm64
      hostNetwork: true
      tolerations:
      - operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule
      serviceAccountName: flannel
      initContainers:
      - name: install-cni
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm64
        command:
        - cp
        args:
        - -f
        - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
        - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cni
          mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      containers:
      - name: kube-flannel
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm64
        command:
        - /opt/bin/flanneld
        args:
        - --ip-masq
        - --kube-subnet-mgr
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
          limits:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
        securityContext:
          privileged: false
          capabilities:
             add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
        env:
        - name: POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        volumeMounts:
        - name: run
          mountPath: /run/flannel
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      volumes:
        - name: run
          hostPath:
            path: /run/flannel
        - name: cni
          hostPath:
            path: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          configMap:
            name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-ds-arm
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: flannel
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        tier: node
        app: flannel
    spec:
      affinity:
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:
              - matchExpressions:
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - linux
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - arm
      hostNetwork: true
      tolerations:
      - operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule
      serviceAccountName: flannel
      initContainers:
      - name: install-cni
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm
        command:
        - cp
        args:
        - -f
        - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
        - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cni
          mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      containers:
      - name: kube-flannel
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm
        command:
        - /opt/bin/flanneld
        args:
        - --ip-masq
        - --kube-subnet-mgr
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
          limits:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
        securityContext:
          privileged: false
          capabilities:
             add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
        env:
        - name: POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        volumeMounts:
        - name: run
          mountPath: /run/flannel
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      volumes:
        - name: run
          hostPath:
            path: /run/flannel
        - name: cni
          hostPath:
            path: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          configMap:
            name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-ds-ppc64le
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: flannel
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        tier: node
        app: flannel
    spec:
      affinity:
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:
              - matchExpressions:
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - linux
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - ppc64le
      hostNetwork: true
      tolerations:
      - operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule
      serviceAccountName: flannel
      initContainers:
      - name: install-cni
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-ppc64le
        command:
        - cp
        args:
        - -f
        - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
        - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cni
          mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      containers:
      - name: kube-flannel
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-ppc64le
        command:
        - /opt/bin/flanneld
        args:
        - --ip-masq
        - --kube-subnet-mgr
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
          limits:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
        securityContext:
          privileged: false
          capabilities:
             add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
        env:
        - name: POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        volumeMounts:
        - name: run
          mountPath: /run/flannel
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      volumes:
        - name: run
          hostPath:
            path: /run/flannel
        - name: cni
          hostPath:
            path: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          configMap:
            name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-ds-s390x
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: flannel
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        tier: node
        app: flannel
    spec:
      affinity:
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:
              - matchExpressions:
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - linux
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - s390x
      hostNetwork: true
      tolerations:
      - operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule
      serviceAccountName: flannel
      initContainers:
      - name: install-cni
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-s390x
        command:
        - cp
        args:
        - -f
        - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
        - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cni
          mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      containers:
      - name: kube-flannel
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-s390x
        command:
        - /opt/bin/flanneld
        args:
        - --ip-masq
        - --kube-subnet-mgr
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
          limits:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
        securityContext:
          privileged: false
          capabilities:
             add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
        env:
        - name: POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        volumeMounts:
        - name: run
          mountPath: /run/flannel
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      volumes:
        - name: run
          hostPath:
            path: /run/flannel
        - name: cni
          hostPath:
            path: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          configMap:
            name: kube-flannel-cfg
EOF

标签:name,Kubernetes,部署,etc,io,kubeadm,kube,cni,flannel
来源: https://www.cnblogs.com/dhcc/p/16074839.html

本站声明: 1. iCode9 技术分享网(下文简称本站)提供的所有内容,仅供技术学习、探讨和分享;
2. 关于本站的所有留言、评论、转载及引用,纯属内容发起人的个人观点,与本站观点和立场无关;
3. 关于本站的所有言论和文字,纯属内容发起人的个人观点,与本站观点和立场无关;
4. 本站文章均是网友提供,不完全保证技术分享内容的完整性、准确性、时效性、风险性和版权归属;如您发现该文章侵犯了您的权益,可联系我们第一时间进行删除;
5. 本站为非盈利性的个人网站,所有内容不会用来进行牟利,也不会利用任何形式的广告来间接获益,纯粹是为了广大技术爱好者提供技术内容和技术思想的分享性交流网站。

专注分享技术,共同学习,共同进步。侵权联系[81616952@qq.com]

Copyright (C)ICode9.com, All Rights Reserved.

ICode9版权所有