标签：httpd 基础 用法 172.17 Docker ID root docker localhost
docker基础用法
什么是docker
docker中的容器：
- lxc --> libcontainer --> runC
OCI&OCF
Open Container-initiative（开放容器组织）
-
由Linux基金会主导于2015年6月创立
-
旨在围绕容器格式和运行时制定一个开放的工业化标准
-
contains two specifications
- the Runtime Specification（运行时规范）（runtime-spec）
- the Image Specification（镜像规范）（image-spec）
OCF
Open Container Format (打开容器格式)
runC is a CLI tool for spawning and running containers according to the OCI specification （runC是一个CLI工具，用于根据OCI规范生成和运行容器）
-
Containers are started as a child process of runC and can be embedded
into various other systems without having to run a daemon（容器是以runC为子进程的方式启动，并且可以被其他的系统引用，不需要启动为守护模式进程） -
runC is built on libcontainer, the same container technology powering
millions of Docker Engine installations
（runC 可以构建我们的容器，并且可以被数以百万的存储引擎使用）
docker提供了一个专门容纳容器镜像的站点：https://hub.docker.com
docker架构
docker镜像与镜像仓库的关系
为什么镜像仓库名字是Registry而不是repository？在docker中仓库的名字是以应用的名称取名的。
镜像是静态的，而容器是动态的，容器有其生命周期，镜像与容器的关系类似于程序与进程的关系。镜像类似于文件系统中的程序文件，而容器则类似于将一个程序运行起来的状态，也即进程。所以容器是可以删除的，容器被删除后其镜像是不会被删除的。
安装及使用docker
docker安装
获取yum源
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# cat docker-ce.repo
[docker-ce]
name=docker-ce
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/8/x86_64/stable/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg
enabled=1
//过滤出来docker
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum list all |grep docker
docker-ce 19 kB/s | 14 kB 00:00
containerd.io.x86_64 1.4.8-3.1.el8 docker-ce
docker-ce.x86_64 3:20.10.7-3.el8 docker-ce
docker-ce-cli.x86_64 1:20.10.7-3.el8 docker-ce
docker-ce-rootless-extras.x86_64 20.10.7-3.el8 docker-ce
docker-scan-plugin.x86_64 0.8.0-3.el8 docker-ce
pcp-pmda-docker.x86_64 5.3.1-3.el8 appstream
podman-docker.noarch 3.1.0-0.13.module_el8.5.0+733+9bb5dffa appstream
建立缓存
[root@localhost ~]# yum makecache
CentOS Stream 8 - AppStream 7.8 kB/s | 4.4 kB 00:00
CentOS Stream 8 - BaseOS 5.8 kB/s | 3.9 kB 00:00
CentOS Stream 8 - Extras 3.3 kB/s | 3.0 kB 00:00
docker-ce 12 kB/s | 3.5 kB 00:00
元数据缓存已建立。
如果安装失败，尝试下面的用法。
(尝试在命令行中添加 '--allowerasing' 来替换冲突的软件包 或 '--skip-broken' 来跳过无法安装的软件包 或 '--nobest' 来不只使用软件包的最佳候选)
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y --allowerasing install docker-ce
启动docker
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now docker
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service.
[root@localhost ~]# ls /etc/docker/
key.json
//这个启动服务之后，会自动创建。
docker加速
docker-ce的配置文件是/etc/docker/daemon.json，此文件默认不存在，需要我们手动创建并进行配置，而docker的加速就是通过配置此文件来实现的。
docker的加速有多种方式：
- docker cn
- 中国科技大学加速器
- 阿里云加速器（需要通过阿里云开发者平台注册帐号，免费使用个人私有的加速器）
[root@localhost docker]# cat daemon.json
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://4294sonj.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
[root@localhost docker]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@localhost docker]# systemctl restart docker
//添加完成加速器之后，重新读取一下，在重启docker
[root@localhost docker]# docker info
Client:
Context: default
Debug Mode: false
Plugins:
app: Docker App (Docker Inc., v0.9.1-beta3)
buildx: Build with BuildKit (Docker Inc., v0.5.1-docker)
scan: Docker Scan (Docker Inc., v0.8.0)
Server:
Containers: 0
Running: 0
Paused: 0
Stopped: 0
Images: 0
Server Version: 20.10.7
Storage Driver: overlay2
Backing Filesystem: xfs
Supports d_type: true
Native Overlay Diff: true
userxattr: false
Logging Driver: json-file
Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
Cgroup Version: 1
Plugins:
Volume: local
Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay
Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
Swarm: inactive
Runtimes: io.containerd.runc.v2 io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux runc
Default Runtime: runc
Init Binary: docker-init
containerd version: 7eba5930496d9bbe375fdf71603e610ad737d2b2
runc version: v1.0.0-0-g84113ee
init version: de40ad0
Security Options:
seccomp
Profile: default
Kernel Version: 4.18.0-257.el8.x86_64
Operating System: CentOS Stream 8
OSType: linux
Architecture: x86_64
CPUs: 2
Total Memory: 1.748GiB
Name: localhost.localdomain
ID: DS7L:DIOS:HCTW:IKJP:2Q5Q:C2BH:AVR5:QASG:4QD2:B5ZU:E3OG:FTAZ
Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
Debug Mode: false
Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
Labels:
Experimental: false
Insecure Registries:
127.0.0.0/8
Registry Mirrors:
https://4294sonj.mirror.aliyuncs.com/
Live Restore Enabled: false
[root@localhost docker]# docker version
//查看版本信息
Client: Docker Engine - Community
Version: 20.10.7
API version: 1.41
Go version: go1.13.15
Git commit: f0df350
Built: Wed Jun 2 11:56:24 2021
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Context: default
Experimental: true
Server: Docker Engine - Community
Engine:
Version: 20.10.7
API version: 1.41 (minimum version 1.12)
Go version: go1.13.15
Git commit: b0f5bc3
Built: Wed Jun 2 11:54:48 2021
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false
containerd:
Version: 1.4.8
GitCommit: 7eba5930496d9bbe375fdf71603e610ad737d2b2
runc:
Version: 1.0.0
GitCommit: v1.0.0-0-g84113ee
docker-init:
Version: 0.19.0
GitCommit: de40ad0
docker常用操作
| 命令 | 功能 |
|---|---|
| docker search | Search the Docker Hub for images |
| docker pull | Pull an image or a repository from a registry |
| docker images | List images |
| docker create | Create a new conntainer |
| docker start | Start one or more stopped containers |
| docker run | Run a command in a new container |
| docker attach | Attach to a runninng container |
| docker ps | List containers |
| docker logs | Fetch the logs of a container |
| docker restart | Restart a container |
| docker stop | Stop one or more running containers |
| docker kill | Kill one or more running containers |
| docker rm | Remove onne or more containers |
| docker exec | Run a command in a running container |
| docker info | Display system-wide information |
| docker inspect | Return low-level information on Docker objects |
[root@localhost ~]# docker search busybox
//在docker hub上面查找镜像
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
busybox Busybox base image. 2300 [OK]
progrium/busybox 70 [OK]
radial/busyboxplus Full-chain, Internet enabled, busybox made f… 41 [OK]
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull busybox
//拉取镜像 如果后面没有跟版本号，就会默认拉取最新版本的。
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/busybox
b71f96345d44: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:0f354ec1728d9ff32edcd7d1b8bbdfc798277ad36120dc3dc683be44524c8b60
Status: Downloaded newer image for busybox:latest
docker.io/library/busybox:latest
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
//查看拉取的镜像放的位置
//列出镜像
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
busybox latest 69593048aa3a 7 weeks ago 1.24MB
[root@localhost ~]# docker create httpd
//创建一个容器
//创建一个容器的时候，它会自动的去docker hub拉取你创建的容器的镜像
Unable to find image 'httpd:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/httpd
33847f680f63: Pull complete
d74938eee980: Pull complete
963cfdce5a0c: Pull complete
8d5a3cca778c: Pull complete
e06a573b193b: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:61e49dd08a51d6fc421ed257bd8eb461cf2d48269d9ab2b4ff5d4c69826c3c9c
Status: Downloaded newer image for httpd:latest
07a2d3de25710cc5103ed8c2cc308939cd03bcef5d97f70e131eb135ccddbf76
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
httpd latest 73b8cfec1155 5 days ago 138MB
busybox latest 69593048aa3a 7 weeks ago 1.24MB
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
//列出容器
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
07a2d3de2571 httpd "httpd-foreground" 2 minutes ago Created condescending_shockley
[root@localhost ~]# docker start 07a2d3de2571
// 使用id来控制容器
07a2d3de2571
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
07a2d3de2571 httpd "httpd-foreground" 5 minutes ago Up About a minute 80/tcp condescending_shockley
[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect 07a2d3de2571
//返回容器对象低级类的信息
[
{
"Id": "07a2d3de25710cc5103ed8c2cc308939cd03bcef5d97f70e131eb135ccddbf76",
"Created": "2021-07-27T12:36:42.025892381Z",
"Path": "httpd-foreground",
"Args": [],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
......此处省略N行
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
[root@localhost ~]# curl 172.17.0.2
<html><body><h1>It works!</h1></body></html>
[root@localhost ~]# docker stop 07a2d3de2571
//停止docker
07a2d3de2571
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@localhost ~]# docker start 07a2d3de2571
07a2d3de2571
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
07a2d3de2571 httpd "httpd-foreground" 13 minutes ago Up 1 second 80/tcp condescending_shockley
[root@localhost ~]# docker restart 07a2d3de2571
//重合docker
07a2d3de2571
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
07a2d3de2571 httpd "httpd-foreground" 14 minutes ago Up 1 second 80/tcp condescending_shockley
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
07a2d3de2571 httpd "httpd-foreground" 15 minutes ago Up About a minute 80/tcp condescending_shockley
[root@localhost ~]# docker rm -f 07a2d3de2571
//删除镜像，不介意直接删除，首先要把docker停止，或者使用kill，在使用rm -f
07a2d3de2571
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@localhost ~]# docker run httpd
//直接拉取镜像，并启动
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
[Tue Jul 27 12:56:32.824380 2021] [mpm_event:notice] [pid 1:tid 140350932755584] AH00489: Apache/2.4.48 (Unix) configured -- resuming normal operations
[Tue Jul 27 12:56:32.824574 2021] [core:notice] [pid 1:tid 140350932755584] AH00094: Command line: 'httpd -D FOREGROUND'
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
9864d99dee59 httpd "httpd-foreground" 6 seconds ago Up 5 seconds 80/tcp heuristic_booth
[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect 9864d99dee59
......
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"DriverOpts": null
.....
[root@localhost ~]# curl 172.17.0.2
<html><body><h1>It works!</h1></body></html>
172.17.0.1 - - [27/Jul/2021:12:58:55 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 45
//ctrl +c 打断之后，httpd 就会停止
^C[Tue Jul 27 12:59:52.417572 2021] [mpm_event:notice] [pid 1:tid 140350932755584] AH00491: caught SIGTERM, shutting down
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
9864d99dee59 httpd "httpd-foreground" 3 minutes ago Exited (0) 12 seconds ago heuristic_booth
当使用docker run 时，服务是在前台，停止服务之后，再次重启，服务就会运行在后台
[root@localhost ~]# docker start 9864d99dee59
9864d99dee59
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
9864d99dee59 httpd "httpd-foreground" 5 minutes ago Up 2 seconds 80/tcp heuristic_booth
再次使用docker run命令，虽然服务相同，但是不会冲突
访问的ip会自动继承
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d httpd
43434798b77b66a8c437e91f714b60660979cdaf88ec0ea20621539303078b55
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
43434798b77b httpd "httpd-foreground" 6 seconds ago Up 5 seconds 80/tcp awesome_aryabhata
9864d99dee59 httpd "httpd-foreground" 8 minutes ago Up 2 minutes 80/tcp heuristic_booth
[root@localhost ~]# curl 172.17.0.3
<html><body><h1>It works!</h1></body></html>
[root@localhost ~]# curl 172.17.0.3
<html><body><h1>It works!</h1></body></html>
[root@localhost ~]# curl 172.17.0.3
<html><body><h1>It works!</h1></body></html>
[root@localhost ~]# curl 172.17.0.3
<html><body><h1>It works!</h1></body></html>
[root@localhost ~]# curl 172.17.0.3
<html><body><h1>It works!</h1></body></html>
获取容器的日志
[root@localhost ~]# docker logs 43434798b77b
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.3. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.3. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
[Tue Jul 27 13:04:43.341505 2021] [mpm_event:notice] [pid 1:tid 140104083575936] AH00489: Apache/2.4.48 (Unix) configured -- resuming normal operations
[Tue Jul 27 13:04:43.341660 2021] [core:notice] [pid 1:tid 140104083575936] AH00094: Command line: 'httpd -D FOREGROUND'
172.17.0.1 - - [27/Jul/2021:13:04:56 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 45
172.17.0.1 - - [27/Jul/2021:13:06:59 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 45
172.17.0.1 - - [27/Jul/2021:13:07:01 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 45
172.17.0.1 - - [27/Jul/2021:13:07:01 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 45
172.17.0.1 - - [27/Jul/2021:13:07:02 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 45
//进入容器，如果退出，容器就退出
[root@localhost ~]# docker attach 43434798b77b
172.17.0.1 - - [27/Jul/2021:13:11:09 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 45
^C[Tue Jul 27 13:12:25.525288 2021] [mpm_event:notice] [pid 1:tid 140104083575936] AH00491: caught SIGTERM, shutting down
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
9864d99dee59 httpd "httpd-foreground" 15 minutes ago Up 10 minutes 80/tcp heuristic_booth
//进入容器，退出之后，容器依然在运行
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it 9864d99dee59 /bin/bash
root@9864d99dee59:/usr/local/apache2# pwd
/usr/local/apache2
root@9864d99dee59:/usr/local/apache2#
root@9864d99dee59:/usr/local/apache2# cat /etc/os-release
PRETTY_NAME="Debian GNU/Linux 10 (buster)"
NAME="Debian GNU/Linux"
VERSION_ID="10"
VERSION="10 (buster)"
VERSION_CODENAME=buster
ID=debian
HOME_URL="https://www.debian.org/"
SUPPORT_URL="https://www.debian.org/support"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.debian.org/"
root@9864d99dee59:/usr/local/apache2# exit
exit
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
9864d99dee59 httpd "httpd-foreground" 18 minutes ago Up 12 minutes 80/tcp heuristic_booth
docker event state
docker的工作原理
- Docker是一个Client-Server结构的系统，Docker的守护进程运行在主机上。通过Socket从客户端访问。
- Docker-Server接收到Docker-Client的指令，就会执行这个命令
标签：httpd,基础,用法,172.17,Docker,ID,root,docker,localhost 来源： https://blog.csdn.net/z07121/article/details/119150382
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