linux的yum命令

2019-12-04 17:52:40 阅读：189 来源： 互联网

标签：00 repo 命令 yum linux root pam localhost

linux yum 命令

yum（ Yellow dog Updater, Modified）是一个在Fedora和RedHat以及SUSE中的Shell前端软件包管理器。

基於RPM包管理，能够从指定的服务器自动下载RPM包并且安装，可以自动处理依赖性关系，并且一次安装所有依赖的软体包，无须繁琐地一次次下载、安装。

yum提供了查找、安装、删除某一个、一组甚至全部软件包的命令，而且命令简洁而又好记。

yum 语法

yum [options] [command] [package ...]

options：可选，选项包括-h（帮助），-y（当安装过程提示选择全部为"yes"），-q（不显示安装的过程）等等。
command：要进行的操作。
package操作的对象。

yum常用命令

1.列出所有可更新的软件清单命令：yum check-update
2.更新所有软件命令：yum update
3.仅安装指定的软件命令：yum install <package_name>
4.仅更新指定的软件命令：yum update <package_name>
5.列出所有可安裝的软件清单命令：yum list
6.删除软件包命令：yum remove <package_name>
7.查找软件包命令：yum search <keyword>
8.清除缓存命令:
- yum clean packages: 清除缓存目录下的软件包
- yum clean headers: 清除缓存目录下的 headers
- yum clean oldheaders: 清除缓存目录下旧的 headers
- yum clean, yum clean all (= yum clean packages; yum clean oldheaders) :清除缓存目录下的软件包及旧的headers

国内 yum 源

网易（163）yum源是国内最好的yum源之一，无论是速度还是软件版本，都非常的不错。

将yum源设置为163 yum，可以提升软件包安装和更新的速度，同时避免一些常见软件版本无法找到。

[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ll
total 24
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1991 Mar 28  2017 CentOS-Base.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  647 Mar 28  2017 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  289 Mar 28  2017 CentOS-fasttrack.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  630 Mar 28  2017 CentOS-Media.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 7989 Mar 28  2017 CentOS-Vault.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ll
total 24
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1991 Mar 28  2017 CentOS-Base.repo.backup
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  647 Mar 28  2017 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  289 Mar 28  2017 CentOS-fasttrack.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  630 Mar 28  2017 CentOS-Media.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 7989 Mar 28  2017 CentOS-Vault.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repo
--2019-12-04 01:17:41--  http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repo
Resolving mirrors.163.com... 59.111.0.251
Connecting to mirrors.163.com|59.111.0.251|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 2006 (2.0K) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: “CentOS6-Base-163.repo”

100%[=================================================================================================================>] 2,006       --.-K/s   in 0s

2019-12-04 01:17:42 (349 MB/s) - “CentOS6-Base-163.repo” saved [2006/2006]

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mv CentOS6-Base-163.repo CentOS-Base.repo
[root@localhost bin]# yum clean all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
Cleaning repos: base extras updates
Cleaning up Everything
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
[root@localhost bin]# yum makecache
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
Determining fastest mirrors
base                                                                                                                                | 3.7 kB     00:00
base/group_gz                                                                                                                       | 242 kB     00:00
base/filelists_db                                                                                                                   | 6.4 MB     00:02
base/primary_db                                                                                                                     | 4.7 MB     00:01
base/other_db                                                                                                                       | 2.8 MB     00:00
extras                                                                                                                              | 3.4 kB     00:00
extras/filelists_db                                                                                                                 |  24 kB     00:00
extras/prestodelta                                                                                                                  | 2.2 kB     00:00
extras/primary_db                                                                                                                   |  29 kB     00:00
extras/other_db                                                                                                                     |  14 kB     00:00
updates                                                                                                                             | 3.4 kB     00:00
updates/filelists_db                                                                                                                | 5.2 MB     00:06
updates/prestodelta                                                                                                                 | 258 kB     00:00
updates/primary_db                                                                                                                  | 7.5 MB     00:02
updates/other_db                                                                                                                    | 330 kB     00:00
Metadata Cache Created
[root@localhost bin]#

实例 1

安装 pam-devel

[root@localhost bin]# yum install pam-devel
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
Setting up Install Process
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package pam-devel.x86_64 0:1.1.1-24.el6 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

===========================================================================================================================================================
 Package                               Arch                               Version                                   Repository                        Size
===========================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 pam-devel                             x86_64                             1.1.1-24.el6                              base                             205 k

Transaction Summary
===========================================================================================================================================================
Install       1 Package(s)

Total download size: 205 k
Installed size: 547 k
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
pam-devel-1.1.1-24.el6.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                   | 205 kB     00:00
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
  Installing : pam-devel-1.1.1-24.el6.x86_64                                                                                                           1/1
  Verifying  : pam-devel-1.1.1-24.el6.x86_64                                                                                                           1/1

Installed:
  pam-devel.x86_64 0:1.1.1-24.el6

Complete!
[root@localhost bin]#

实例 2

移除 pam-devel

[root@localhost bin]# yum remove pam-devel
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
Setting up Remove Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package pam-devel.x86_64 0:1.1.1-24.el6 will be erased
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

===========================================================================================================================================================
 Package                               Arch                               Version                                  Repository                         Size
===========================================================================================================================================================
Removing:
 pam-devel                             x86_64                             1.1.1-24.el6                             @base                             547 k

Transaction Summary
===========================================================================================================================================================
Remove        1 Package(s)

Installed size: 547 k
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
  Erasing    : pam-devel-1.1.1-24.el6.x86_64                                                                                                           1/1
  Verifying  : pam-devel-1.1.1-24.el6.x86_64                                                                                                           1/1

Removed:
  pam-devel.x86_64 0:1.1.1-24.el6

Complete!
[root@localhost bin]#

实例 3

利用 yum 的功能，找出以 yum 为开头的软件名称有哪些？

[root@localhost bin]# yum list yum*
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Installed Packages
yum.noarch                                        3.2.29-81.el6.centos                                             @anaconda-CentOS-201703281317.x86_64/6.9
Available Packages
yum.noarch                                        3.2.29-81.el6.centos.0.1                                         updates
[root@localhost bin]#

标签：00,repo,命令,yum,linux,root,pam,localhost
来源： https://www.cnblogs.com/dalianpai/p/11984422.html

本站声明： 1. iCode9 技术分享网（下文简称本站）提供的所有内容，仅供技术学习、探讨和分享；
2. 关于本站的所有留言、评论、转载及引用，纯属内容发起人的个人观点，与本站观点和立场无关；
3. 关于本站的所有言论和文字，纯属内容发起人的个人观点，与本站观点和立场无关；
4. 本站文章均是网友提供，不完全保证技术分享内容的完整性、准确性、时效性、风险性和版权归属；如您发现该文章侵犯了您的权益，可联系我们第一时间进行删除；
5. 本站为非盈利性的个人网站，所有内容不会用来进行牟利，也不会利用任何形式的广告来间接获益，纯粹是为了广大技术爱好者提供技术内容和技术思想的分享性交流网站。

ICode9