标签：binlog 数据库 mysqlbackup sec 还原 mysql root row

前言：在学习mysql备份的时候，深深的感受到mysql的备份还原功能没有oracle强大；比如一个很常见的恢复场景：基于时间点的恢复，oracle通过rman工具就能够很快的实现数据库的恢复，但是mysql在进行不完全恢复的时候很大的一部分要依赖于mysqlbinlog这个工具运行binlog语句来实现，  本文档介绍通过mysqlbinlog实现各种场景的恢复；  

一、测试环境说明：使用mysqlbinlog工具的前提需要一个数据库的完整性备份，所以需要事先对数据库做一个完整的备份，本文档通过mysqlbackup进行数据库的全备（mysqlbackup的使用：http://blog.itpub.net/12679300/viewspace-1329578/）；

二、测试步骤说明：

数据库的插入准备工作

2.1 在时间点 A 进行一个数据库的完整备份；

2.2 在时间点     B创建一个数据库BKT,并在BKT下面创建一个表JOHN，并插入5条数据；

2.3 在时间点     C往表JOHN继续插入数据到10条；

数据库的恢复工作

2.4 恢复数据库到时间点     A ,然后检查数据库表的状态；

2.5 恢复数据库到时间点     B,检查相应的系统状态；

2.6 恢复数据库到时间点     C，并检查恢复的状态；    

三、场景模拟测试步骤（备份恢复是一件很重要的事情）

3.1 执行数据库的全备份；      

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1. [root@mysql01 backup]# mysqlbackup --user=root --password --backup-dir=/backup backup-and-apply-log //运行数据库的完整备份

3.2 创建数据库、表并插入数据  

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1. mysql> SELECT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP;
   
2. +---------------------+
   
3. | CURRENT_TIMESTAMP |
   
4. +---------------------+
   
5. | 2014-11-26 17:51:27 |
   
6. +---------------------+
   
7. 1 row in set (0.01 sec)
   
8. 
   
9. mysql> show databases; //尚未创建数据库BKT
   
10. +--------------------+
    
11. | Database |
    
12. +--------------------+
    
13. | information_schema |
    
14. | john |
    
15. | mysql |
    
16. | performance_schema |
    
17. +--------------------+
    
18. 4 rows in set (0.03 sec)
    
19. 
    
20. mysql> Ctrl-C --
    
21. Aborted
    
22. [root@mysql02 data]# mysql -uroot -p
    
23. Enter password:
    
24. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \\g.
    
25. Your MySQL connection id is 2
    
26. Server version: 5.5.36-log Source distribution
    
27. Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
    
28. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
    
29. affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
    
30. owners.
    
31. Type \'help;\' or \'\\h\' for help. Type \'\\c\' to clear the current input statement.
    
32. mysql> show master status;
    
33. +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
    
34. | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
    
35. +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
    
36. | mysql-bin.000001 | 107 | | | //当前数据库log的pos状态
    
37. +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
    
38. 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
    
39. mysql> SELECT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP; //当前的时间戳 当前时间点A
    
40. +---------------------+
    
41. | CURRENT_TIMESTAMP |
    
42. +---------------------+
    
43. | 2014-11-26 17:54:12 |
    
44. +---------------------+
    
45. 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
    
46. mysql> create database BKT; //创建数据库BKT
    
47. Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
    
48. mysql> create table john (id varchar(32));
    
49. ERROR 1046 (3D000): No database selected
    
50. mysql> use bkt;
    
51. ERROR 1049 (42000): Unknown database \'bkt\'
    
52. mysql> use BKT;
    
53. Database changed
    
54. mysql> create table john (id varchar(32));
    
55. Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
    
56. mysql> insert into john values(\'1\');
    
57. Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
    
58. mysql> insert into john values(\'2\');
    
59. Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
    
60. mysql> insert into john values(\'3\');
    
61. Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
    
62. mysql> insert into john values(\'4\');
    
63. Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
    
64. mysql> insert into john values(\'5\');
    
65. Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
    
66. mysql> SELECT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP; //插入5条数据后数据库的时间点B，记录该点便于数据库的恢复
    
67. +---------------------+
    
68. | CURRENT_TIMESTAMP |
    
69. +---------------------+
    
70. | 2014-11-26 17:55:53 |
    
71. +---------------------+
    
72. 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
    
73.  
    
74. mysql> show master status;
    
75. +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
    
76. | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
    
77. +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
    
78. | mysql-bin.000001 | 1204 | | | //当前binlog的pos位置
    
79. +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
    
80. 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

        3.3 设置时间点C的测试

 

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1. mysql> insert into john values(\'6\');
   
2. Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
   
3. mysql> insert into john values(\'7\');
   
4. Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
   
5. mysql> insert into john values(\'8\');
   
6. Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
   
7. mysql> insert into john values(\'9\');
   
8. Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
   
9. mysql> insert into john values(\'10\');
   
10. Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)
    
11. mysql> show master status;
    
12. +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
    
13. | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
    
14. +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
    
15. | mysql-bin.000001 | 2125 | | |
    
16. +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
    
17. 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
    
18. mysql> SELECT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP;
    
19. +---------------------+
    
20. | CURRENT_TIMESTAMP |
    
21. +---------------------+
    
22. | 2014-11-26 17:58:08 |
    
23. +---------------------+
    
24. 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

        3.4 以上的操作完成之后，便可以执行数据库的恢复测试

 

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1. [root@mysql02 data]# mysqlbackup --defaults-file=/backup/server-my.cnf --datadir=/data/mysql --backup-dir=/backup/ copy-back
   
2. MySQL Enterprise Backup version 3.11.0 Linux-3.8.13-16.2.1.el6uek.x86_64-x86_64 [2014/08/26]
   
3. Copyright (c) 2003, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
   
4.  mysqlbackup: INFO: Starting with following command line ...
   
5.  mysqlbackup --defaults-file=/backup/server-my.cnf --datadir=/data/mysql
   
6.         --backup-dir=/backup/ copy-back
   
7.  mysqlbackup: INFO:
   
8. IMPORTANT: Please check that mysqlbackup run completes successfully.
   
9.            At the end of a successful \'copy-back\' run mysqlbackup
   
10.            prints \"mysqlbackup completed OK!\".
    
11. 141126 17:59:58 mysqlbackup: INFO: MEB logfile created at /backup/meta/MEB_2014-11-26.17-59-58_copy_back.log
    
12. --------------------------------------------------------------------
    
13.                        Server Repository Options:
    
14. --------------------------------------------------------------------
    
15.   datadir = /data/mysql
    
16.   innodb_data_home_dir = /data/mysql
    
17.   innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
    
18.   innodb_log_group_home_dir = /data/mysql/
    
19.   innodb_log_files_in_group = 2
    
20.   innodb_log_file_size = 5242880
    
21.   innodb_page_size = Null
    
22.   innodb_checksum_algorithm = none
    
23. --------------------------------------------------------------------
    
24.                        Backup Config Options:
    
25. --------------------------------------------------------------------
    
26.   datadir = /backup/datadir
    
27.   innodb_data_home_dir = /backup/datadir
    
28.   innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
    
29.   innodb_log_group_home_dir = /backup/datadir
    
30.   innodb_log_files_in_group = 2
    
31.   innodb_log_file_size = 5242880
    
32.   innodb_page_size = 16384
    
33.   innodb_checksum_algorithm = none
    
34.  mysqlbackup: INFO: Creating 14 buffers each of size 16777216.
    
35. 141126 17:59:58 mysqlbackup: INFO: Copy-back operation starts with following threads
    
36.         1 read-threads 1 write-threads
    
37.  mysqlbackup: INFO: Could not find binlog index file. If this is online backup then server may not have started with --log-bin.
    
38.         Hence, binlogs will not be copied for this backup. Point-In-Time-Recovery will not be possible.
    
39. 141126 17:59:58 mysqlbackup: INFO: Copying /backup/datadir/ibdata1.
    
40.  mysqlbackup: Progress in MB: 200 400 600
    
41. 141126 18:00:22 mysqlbackup: INFO: Copying the database directory \'john\'
    
42. 141126 18:00:23 mysqlbackup: INFO: Copying the database directory \'mysql\'
    
43. 141126 18:00:23 mysqlbackup: INFO: Copying the database directory \'performance_schema\'
    
44. 141126 18:00:23 mysqlbackup: INFO: Completing the copy of all non-innodb files.
    
45. 141126 18:00:23 mysqlbackup: INFO: Copying the log file \'ib_logfile0\'
    
46. 141126 18:00:23 mysqlbackup: INFO: Copying the log file \'ib_logfile1\'
    
47. 141126 18:00:24 mysqlbackup: INFO: Creating server config files server-my.cnf and server-all.cnf in /data/mysql
    
48. 141126 18:00:24 mysqlbackup: INFO: Copy-back operation completed successfully.
    
49. 141126 18:00:24 mysqlbackup: INFO: Finished copying backup files to \'/data/mysql\'
    
50. mysqlbackup completed //数据库恢复完成

 授权并打开数据库      

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1. [root@mysql02 data]# chmod -R 777 mysql //需要授权后才能打开
   
2. [root@mysql02 data]# cd mysql
   
3. [root@mysql02 mysql]# ll
   
4. 总用量 733220
   
5. -rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 305 11月 26 18:00 backup_variables.txt
   
6. -rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 740294656 11月 26 18:00 ibdata1
   
7. -rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 5242880 11月 26 18:00 ib_logfile0
   
8. -rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 5242880 11月 26 18:00 ib_logfile1
   
9. drwxrwxrwx. 2 root root 4096 11月 26 18:00 john
   
10. drwxrwxrwx. 2 root root 4096 11月 26 18:00 mysql
    
11. drwxrwxrwx. 2 root root 4096 11月 26 18:00 performance_schema
    
12. -rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 8488 11月 26 18:00 server-all.cnf
    
13. -rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 1815 11月 26 18:00 server-my.cnf //没有BKT数据库
    
14. [root@mysql02 mysql]# service mysqld start //启动数据库

        3.5 进行数据库的恢复到时间点B

 

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1. [root@mysql02 mysql2]# pwd //备份的时候，需要备份binlog日志，之前的binlog目录为/data/mysql2
   
2. /data/mysql2
   
3. [root@mysql02 mysql2]# mysqlbinlog --start-position=107 --stop-position=1203 mysql-bin.000001| mysql -uroot -p //根据post的位置进行恢复，当前的pos位置为107，恢复到pos位置到1203
   
4. Enter password:
   
5. [root@mysql02 mysql2]# mysql -uroot -p
   
6. Enter password:
   
7. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \\g.
   
8. Your MySQL connection id is 3
   
9. Server version: 5.5.36-log Source distribution
   
10. Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
    
11. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
    
12. affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
    
13. owners.
    
14. Type \'help;\' or \'\\h\' for help. Type \'\\c\' to clear the current input statement.
    
15. mysql> show databases;
    
16. +--------------------+
    
17. | Database |
    
18. +--------------------+
    
19. | information_schema |
    
20. | BKT |
    
21. | john |
    
22. | mysql |
    
23. | performance_schema |
    
24. +--------------------+
    
25. 5 rows in set (0.02 sec)
    
26. mysql> use BKT
    
27. Database changed
    
28. mysql> show tables;
    
29. +---------------+
    
30. | Tables_in_BKT |
    
31. +---------------+
    
32. | john |
    
33. +---------------+
    
34. 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
    
35. mysql> select * from john;
    
36. +------+
    
37. | id |
    
38. +------+
    
39. | 1 |
    
40. | 2 |
    
41. | 3 |
    
42. | 4 |
    
43. | 5 |
    
44. +------+
    
45. 5 rows in set (0.01 sec) //查看数据库恢复成功

        3.6 恢复数据库到时间点C

 

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1. [root@mysql02 mysql2]# mysqlbinlog --start-date=\"2014-11-27 09:21:56\" --stop-date=\"2014-11-27 09:22:33\" mysql-bin.000001| mysql -uroot -p123456 //本次通过基于时间点的恢复，恢复到时间点C
   
2. Warning: Using unique option prefix start-date instead of start-datetime is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. Please use the full name instead.
   
3. Warning: Using unique option prefix stop-date instead of stop-datetime is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. Please use the full name instead.
   
4. [root@mysql02 mysql2]# mysql -uroot -p
   
5. Enter password:
   
6. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \\g.
   
7. Your MySQL connection id is 6
   
8. Server version: 5.5.36-log Source distribution
   
9. Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   
10. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
    
11. affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
    
12. owners.
    
13. Type \'help;\' or \'\\h\' for help. Type \'\\c\' to clear the current input statement.
    
14. mysql> show databases;
    
15. +--------------------+
    
16. | Database |
    
17. +--------------------+
    
18. | information_schema |
    
19. | BKT |
    
20. | john |
    
21. | mysql |
    
22. | performance_schema |
    
23. +--------------------+
    
24. 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    
25. mysql> use BKT
    
26. Database changed
    
27. mysql> select * from john;
    
28. +------+
    
29. | id |
    
30. +------+
    
31. | 1 |
    
32. | 2 |
    
33. | 3 |
    
34. | 4 |
    
35. | 5 |
    
36. | 6 |
    
37. | 7 |
    
38. | 8 |
    
39. | 9 |
    
40. | 10 |
    
41. +------+
    
42. 10 rows in set (0.00 sec) //经过检查成功恢复到时间点C

四、mysqlbinlog的其他总结：以上是利用binlog文件进行基于时间点和binlog的POS位置恢复的测试，mysqlbinlog的使用还有很多功能，运行mysqlbinlog --help可以查看相应参数；

4.1 查看binlog的内容：[root@mysql02 mysql2]# mysqlbinlog mysql-bin.000001       
4.2 mysqlbinlog的其他常用参数：   

-h  根据数据库的IP
-P  根据数据库所占用的端口来分
-server-id 根据数据库serverid来还原（在集群中很有用）
-d  根据数据库名称

例如：        [   root@mysql02 mysql2   ]#    mysqlbinlog    -   d BKT mysql   -   bin   .   000001       //还原BKT数据库的信息

参数的组合使用：
 

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1. [root@mysql02 mysql2]# mysqlbinlog --start-date=\"2014-11-27 09:21:56\" --stop-date=\"2014-11-27 09:22:33\" -d BKT -h 127.0.0.1 /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.000001 ｜mysql -u root -p
   
2. #如果有多个binlog文件，用逗号隔开；

4.4 恢复是一件很重要的事情，如果不知道具体要恢复的时间点，请把binlog文件先转换成文本文件，详细查看完相应的内容再进行恢复；      

[root@mysql02 mysql2]# mysqlbinlog mysql-bin.000001 > /tmp/00001.sql
     

总结：备份有时候永远都用不上，但是你永远也不知道什么时候会用上，正所谓养兵千日用兵一时，作为一个合格的DBA有个可用的备份，就可以做到胸有成竹；      

标签：binlog,数据库,mysqlbackup,sec,还原,mysql,root,row
来源： https://blog.51cto.com/lhrbest/2696428

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