标签：c dependency-injection mvvm wpf ninject
我正在使用NInject来解析我的第一个WPF应用程序的依赖项.
以下是我的代码片段.
我的App.xaml.cs就像.
public partial class App : Application
{
private IKernel container;
protected override void OnStartup(StartupEventArgs e)
{
base.OnStartup(e);
ConfigureContainer();
ComposeObjects();
}
private void ComposeObjects()
{
Current.MainWindow = this.container.Get<MainWindow>();
}
private void ConfigureContainer()
{
this.container = new StandardKernel();
container.Bind<ISystemEvents>().To<MySystemEvents>();
}
}
App.xaml是这样的.
<Application x:Class="Tracker.App"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml">
<Application.Resources>
</Application.Resources>
</Application>
MainWindow.xaml.
<Window x:Class="Tracker.MainWindow"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:viewmodel="clr-namespace:Tracker.ViewModel"
Title="MainWindow" Height="150" Width="350">
<Window.DataContext>
<viewmodel:TrackerViewModel>
</viewmodel:TrackerViewModel>
</Window.DataContext>
<Grid>
</Grid>
</Window>
MainWindow.xaml.cs
public partial class MainWindow : Window
{
public MainWindow()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
}
和viewmodel
internal class TrackerViewModel : System.ComponentModel.INotifyPropertyChanged
{
public TrackerViewModel(ISystemEvents systemEvents)
{
systemEvents.SessionSwitch += SystemEvents_SessionSwitch;
}
private void SystemEvents_SessionSwitch(object sender, SessionSwitchEventArgs e)
{
}
}
现在当我启动应用程序时,我得到一个异常在InitializeComponent()方法的PresentationFramework.dll中发生了一个未处理的类型’System.NullReferenceException’的异常.
我知道它因为viewmodel类没有无参数构造函数.但我无法理解为什么依赖注入器无法解决这个问题？难道我做错了什么？
任何帮助将不胜感激.
解决方法:
首先,我建议阅读本书Dependency Injection in .NET,特别是关于WPF的部分.但即使你没有阅读它,这本书的code download也有一个有用的例子.
您已经知道需要从App.xaml文件中删除StartupUri =“MainWindow.xaml”.
但是,在使用DI时,您不能以声明方式连接DataContext,否则它只能使用默认构造函数.
<Window x:Class="WpfWithNinject.MainWindow"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
Title="MainWindow" Height="150" Width="350">
</Window>
在涉及DI时,WPF中使用的模式有点令人困惑.主要的问题是,如果你希望你的视图模型要能控制自己的窗口环境,还有就是主窗口和它的视图模型之间的循环依赖问题,所以你需要做一个Abstract Factory,以实例化视图模型如此的依赖关系可以满足.
创建ViewModel Factory
internal interface ITrackerViewModelFactory
{
TrackerViewModel Create(IWindow window);
}
internal class TrackerViewModelFactory : ITrackerViewModelFactory
{
private readonly ISystemEvents systemEvents;
public TrackerViewModelFactory(ISystemEvents systemEvents)
{
if (systemEvents == null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException("systemEvents");
}
this.systemEvents = systemEvents;
}
public TrackerViewModel Create(IWindow window)
{
if (window == null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException("window");
}
return new TrackerViewModel(this.systemEvents, window);
}
}
TrackerViewModel还需要进行一些返工,以便它可以将IWindow接受到它的构造函数中.这允许TrackerViewModel控制其自己的窗口环境,例如向用户显示模式对话框.
internal class TrackerViewModel : System.ComponentModel.INotifyPropertyChanged
{
private readonly IWindow window;
public TrackerViewModel(ISystemEvents systemEvents, IWindow window)
{
if (systemEvents == null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException("systemEvents");
}
if (window == null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException("window");
}
systemEvents.SessionSwitch += SystemEvents_SessionSwitch;
this.window = window;
}
private void SystemEvents_SessionSwitch(object sender, SessionSwitchEventArgs e)
{
}
public event System.ComponentModel.PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;
}
适应窗口
您需要使用窗口的抽象类型,IWindow和抽象来修复框架,以帮助管理每个窗口的Window,WindowAdapter.
internal interface IWindow
{
void Close();
IWindow CreateChild(object viewModel);
void Show();
bool? ShowDialog();
}
internal class WindowAdapter : IWindow
{
private readonly Window wpfWindow;
public WindowAdapter(Window wpfWindow)
{
if (wpfWindow == null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException("window");
}
this.wpfWindow = wpfWindow;
}
#region IWindow Members
public virtual void Close()
{
this.wpfWindow.Close();
}
public virtual IWindow CreateChild(object viewModel)
{
var cw = new ContentWindow();
cw.Owner = this.wpfWindow;
cw.DataContext = viewModel;
WindowAdapter.ConfigureBehavior(cw);
return new WindowAdapter(cw);
}
public virtual void Show()
{
this.wpfWindow.Show();
}
public virtual bool? ShowDialog()
{
return this.wpfWindow.ShowDialog();
}
#endregion
protected Window WpfWindow
{
get { return this.wpfWindow; }
}
private static void ConfigureBehavior(ContentWindow cw)
{
cw.WindowStartupLocation = WindowStartupLocation.CenterOwner;
cw.CommandBindings.Add(new CommandBinding(PresentationCommands.Accept, (sender, e) => cw.DialogResult = true));
}
}
public static class PresentationCommands
{
private readonly static RoutedCommand accept = new RoutedCommand("Accept", typeof(PresentationCommands));
public static RoutedCommand Accept
{
get { return PresentationCommands.accept; }
}
}
然后我们为MainWindow提供了一个专门的窗口适配器,它确保使用ViewModel正确初始化DataContext属性.
internal class MainWindowAdapter : WindowAdapter
{
private readonly ITrackerViewModelFactory vmFactory;
private bool initialized;
public MainWindowAdapter(Window wpfWindow, ITrackerViewModelFactory viewModelFactory)
: base(wpfWindow)
{
if (viewModelFactory == null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException("viewModelFactory");
}
this.vmFactory = viewModelFactory;
}
#region IWindow Members
public override void Close()
{
this.EnsureInitialized();
base.Close();
}
public override IWindow CreateChild(object viewModel)
{
this.EnsureInitialized();
return base.CreateChild(viewModel);
}
public override void Show()
{
this.EnsureInitialized();
base.Show();
}
public override bool? ShowDialog()
{
this.EnsureInitialized();
return base.ShowDialog();
}
#endregion
private void DeclareKeyBindings(TrackerViewModel vm)
{
//this.WpfWindow.InputBindings.Add(new KeyBinding(vm.RefreshCommand, new KeyGesture(Key.F5)));
//this.WpfWindow.InputBindings.Add(new KeyBinding(vm.InsertProductCommand, new KeyGesture(Key.Insert)));
//this.WpfWindow.InputBindings.Add(new KeyBinding(vm.EditProductCommand, new KeyGesture(Key.Enter)));
//this.WpfWindow.InputBindings.Add(new KeyBinding(vm.DeleteProductCommand, new KeyGesture(Key.Delete)));
}
private void EnsureInitialized()
{
if (this.initialized)
{
return;
}
var vm = this.vmFactory.Create(this);
this.WpfWindow.DataContext = vm;
this.DeclareKeyBindings(vm);
this.initialized = true;
}
}
组成根
最后,您需要一种方法来创建对象图.你是在正确的地方做到这一点,但是通过将它分成许多步骤,你并没有给自己带来任何好处.将容器作为应用程序级变量放置并不一定是件好事 – 它打开了容器以供滥用作为service locator.
public partial class App : Application
{
protected override void OnStartup(StartupEventArgs e)
{
base.OnStartup(e);
// Begin Composition Root
var container = new StandardKernel();
// Register types
container.Bind<ISystemEvents>().To<MySystemEvents>();
container.Bind<ITrackerViewModelFactory>().To<TrackerViewModelFactory>();
container.Bind<Window>().To<MainWindow>();
container.Bind<IWindow>().To<MainWindowAdapter>();
// Build the application object graph
var window = container.Get<IWindow>();
// Show the main window.
window.Show();
// End Composition Root
}
}
我认为您遇到的主要问题是您需要确保手动调用MainWindow上的Show().
如果您确实想要将注册分解为另一个步骤,则可以使用一个或多个Ninject Modules.
using Ninject.Modules;
using System.Windows;
public class MyApplicationModule : NinjectModule
{
public override void Load()
{
Bind<ISystemEvents>().To<MySystemEvents>();
Bind<ITrackerViewModelFactory>().To<TrackerViewModelFactory>();
Bind<Window>().To<MainWindow>();
Bind<IWindow>().To<MainWindowAdapter>();
}
}
然后App.xaml.cs文件将如下所示：
public partial class App : Application
{
protected override void OnStartup(StartupEventArgs e)
{
base.OnStartup(e);
// Begin Composition Root
new StandardKernel(new MyApplicationModule()).Get<IWindow>().Show();
// End Composition Root
}
}
标签：c,dependency-injection,mvvm,wpf,ninject 来源： https://codeday.me/bug/20190611/1221649.html
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